Any engineering ethical issue. i prefer Bp oil spill if possible Essay

Any building moral issue. I favor Bp oil slick if conceivable - Essay Example By October 2010, it had arrived at the West Bay in Texas and began to have submerged oil tufts too (Gillis 2010). The moral endeavors used to forestall seaward oil slick remembered for remotely working submerged vehicles so a conclusion could be found for the victory preventer valves with respect to the well head (Whitney 2010). It was on twentieth September that BP was adequately ready to stop the oil slick gore after it had ejected on twentieth April because of a blast. The methodologies used to contain the oil slick involved keeping it down on a superficial level with the goal that base harm was done (Borenstein 2010). The undertakings of BP after this blast remembered for the way that it did everything in its strength to deal with the issues as it kept up day by day reaction endeavors on its site. This spill is without a doubt one of the most noticeably terrible ecological debacles of the time and all the more explicitly which US has confronted. The moral job of BP is something t hat one ought to dig into profoundly as it shook the world like nothing else previously. Works Cited Borenstein, Seth. Significant examination outlines durable oil tuft in Gulf. Related Press, 2010 Gillis, Justin. Bay Surface Oil Vanishing Quickly. The New York Times, 2010 Kerr, Richard. A Lot of Oil totally free, Not So Much to Be Found. Science 329: 734, 2010 Whitney, Michael. Two Workers Dead in BP Oil Disaster Recovery Effort, 2010

Precise Molded Products Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exact Molded Products - Case Study Example Likewise, the organization may go through some cash on the trainings and extra working hours for the entire division yet the outcomes will profit the organization over the long haul. Today is smarter to contribute on human capital and have the drawn out advantages than set aside cash today and constantly bring about misfortunes on account of the rejects later on. The top administration will hold a gathering and converse with the individuals from the quality office and get some information about their issues and worries about their specialty, the items, and the organization in general. Subsequent to assessing the issues experienced in the office, proficient learners will hold the preparation. The preparation will incorporate group structures to improve the representatives' relationship with one another so clashes and correspondence hindrances will be forestalled. Second, TQM preparing will be done in light of the fact that it is currently generally used to guarantee quality in all parts of the organization. Absolute Quality Management is likewise equipped for taking out imperfections and blunders in tasks (Stark, 1998). Six Sigma will likewise be remembered for the preparation. This is presently a well known pattern in the executives where information concentrated procedure is utilized to dispense with surrenders in the organization's creation (Six Sigma). This will help Bob Thomas in reducing the creation rejects of the organization utilizing systematical approaches. References Six Sig

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana? Not Everyone Becomes Addicted, But Some Can and Do By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 09, 2019  FilippoBacci/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Not everyone who smokes marijuana becomes addicted to it, but research shows that some long-term users can and do become dependent upon the drug. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, people are considered addicted to marijuana if they continue to use even when it interferes with many aspects of their lives and if they have withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit. The NIDA estimates that 9% of all marijuana users end up becoming dependent upon it. For those users who began using marijuana in their teens, the percentage of those who become dependent goes to about 17%. For those who smoke marijuana daily, the number who become dependent ranges from 25% to 50%. Additionally, a study of identical twins found that if one twin used marijuana before age 17, that twin was more likely to use other drugs and develop substance abuse problems later on, compared with their twin who did not start smoking pot early. NIDA surveys also show that: In 2010, of the 7.1 million Americans abusing drugs, 4.5 million used marijuana.In 2009, approximately 18% of those seeking treatment for drug abuse reported marijuana as their primary drug.Also in 2009, 61% of persons receiving treatment under age 15 reported marijuana as their primary drug of abuse. Other studies have found that some people experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those associated with nicotine withdrawal, when they quit smoking marijuana. Those symptoms included sleeping difficulties, craving for the drug, anxiety, and irritability. Signs of Addictive Behavior In general, here are some common signs and symptoms that someone has developed an addiction: Developed a tolerance for the substanceTake more to avoid withdrawal symptomsUsed when you said you were not going toLife begins to revolve around the drug and seeking itAbandoned other activities you once enjoyedContinued to use in spite of problems it has caused

Essay Ill or Evil The Insanity Defense - 1559 Words

Insanity is one of those words used today that gets thrown around a lot. Our society has become so numb to it because we were it on a regular basis. Albert Einstein describes insanity as â€Å"doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.† Albert Einstein may have been a genius, but in this case he is wrong. There are people in this world who are mentally insane and they can’t help themselves. On rare occasions people like this become killers. In the legal system we have a defense an accused murderer can use to show they were not in their right mind when the act occurred. This is the insanity defense. This happens in 1% of criminal trials in the United States (US). A perfect example of a case that used†¦show more content†¦Not heeding her doctors warnings she became pregnant with her fifth child. After this, she engaged in self-mutilation, refused to eat, stopped feeding her baby, and â€Å"read the bible compulsively be fore falling into an almost catatonic state.† (Ewing 143). On June 20, 2001, Andrea Yates filled the bathtub with water and drowned all five of her children. After this she called the police confessing what she did, and then called her husband. She was charged with multiple counts of murder. After the jury listened to all testimonies she was found to be competent to stand trial because at trial she was being treated daily by a mental health professional and was on medications. Also, because the jury claimed that she, at the time, knew exactly what she was doing and killed her children in cold blood. She was found guilty and the jury decided in lieu of the death penalty, she would receive a sentence of life in prison. The decision was overturned in a 2005 Texas Court of Appeals after a psychiatric witness for the prosecution admitted he lied about his testimony, falsifying that she got the idea from a Law and Order episode, and a new trial began. Andrea Yates was found not guilty by reason of insanity, and was committed to a state hospital in Texas, where, more than likely, she will spend the rest of her life institutionalized. This is just one example of how the insanity defense woks in a court of law. According toShow MoreRelatedThe Insanity Plea Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe Insanity Plea The insanity plea is a poor excuse for serious lawbreakers, and should have no bearing in the sentencing of criminals. All criminal cases today have three ways in which a defendant can plea. Guilty, not guilty, or Insanity. The word insane is a legal term. Because research has identified many different mental illnesses of varying severities, it is now too simplistic to describe a severely mentally ill person merely as insane. The federal law states that insanity is a fairRead MoreMelissa Lee. English 1100. Apirl-3-2017. . On March 24,1202 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the police interview, Thomas expounded that God told him to kill his family because they were possessed by evil spirits and that his estranged wife Laura was Jezebel, his son was the anti-Christ, and Laura’s daughter Leyla was an evil spirt. While in jail, Thomas told a nurse that his wife and children weren’t really dead and he had to remove their hearts to free them from evil spirts. Thomas refused to take anti-psychotic medication and while in custody, during two separate incidents, he hadRead MoreThe Insanity Plea: History and Implications2382 Words   |  10 Pagesthe insanity plea, a few questions should be kept in min d---1. How can we be sure that a person is indeed insane (he could be putting on a show) and 2. Should a mentally ill person be punished at all. Today in our legal system, there are numerous amounts of defense tactics that are designed to protect the rights of the accused, and to further the process of justice. However, in many cases this augmentation of justice has been taken too far, and as a result, pleas such as â€Å"Temporary insanity† areRead MoreNot Guilty by Reason of Insanity: a Look Into the Insanity Defense1971 Words   |  8 Pagesof Insanity: A Look into the Insanity Defense On Friday, March 3, 1843, the trial of The Queen v. Daniel McNaughton (West, Walk 12) began. The verdict of this trail changed the way the civilized world views the criminally insane. People who were criminally insane went from being viewed as evil and wild beasts to people who could not be held accountable for their actions at the time of the crime they committed. As time progressed, the insanity defense became an acceptable defense andRead MoreThe Andre Yates Case : Crime And Delinquency1602 Words   |  7 Pagesfact that there was an abundance of evidence to suggest that Andrea was legally insane at the time of the killings. In fact, 63% of the American public wanted her to receive the death penalty (). Although she was eventually acquitted by reason of insanity, both the judicial system and the American public should take a more mental-health-aware approach to the individuals they commit to prison. Andrea Yates, then Andrea Kennedy, was born July 2nd 1964 to a middle class family in Houston, Texas.Read MoreAn Analysis of Forensic Psychology in the Film, Primal Fear2856 Words   |  11 PagesForensic psychology in Primal Fear (1996) Primal Film (1996) is a legal thriller with Martin Vail represented as an ambitious; high profile Chicago Defense Lawyer hired to defend Aaron Kentucky charged with murder of Chicagos Archbishop, Richard Rushman. During the trial, Martin Vail discloses that the Archbishop was involved in sexual harassment and other political issues. Based on various substantial factors, Martin Vail believed that Aaron suffered from Multiple Personality Disorder, whichRead MoreA Separate Peace By John Knowles1529 Words   |  7 Pagesby hatred and violence. Whether one is directly involved in the battlefield or waiting to see the outcome, war has the capacity to affect all people. It can harden one beyond their years and force them to grow, seeing conflicting sides of good and evil. A Separate Peace by John Knowles narrates the story of young boys growing up with World War II as the backdrop. The war impacts them dramatically and is constantly thought about as they are coming of the age since they w ill soon be enlisted. HoweverRead MoreWhere Is The Gray Area Between Criminality And Insanity?1889 Words   |  8 Pages19 September 2014 Where is the Gray Area Between Criminality and Insanity? Children are often taught from a young age a world of black and white—a world of good and bad. As we age, we begin to explore newly found gray area in our everyday lives. One issue to consider is the gray area in the American criminal justice system. Are all the inmates in the city, county, state, and federal prisons the â€Å"bad† guys? Or is there another evil taking over a â€Å"good† person? Do people believe there should be aRead MoreCriminal Responsibility in Individuals with Dissociative Identity Disorder3385 Words   |  14 Pageslegal system is the ‘insanity defense’ in which during a criminal trial, the defendant will make a claim that they are not guilty by reason of insanity, or in other words, they have deficient and impaired cognitive and mental capabilities. These mental health problems associated with insanity are caused by psychopathological disorders, which may have led to their dysfunction. What separates this from a regular plea d of ‘diminished capacity’ is that a plea of insanity is a full defense rather than justRead MoreThe R V. Dudley And Stephens Case Essay2438 Words   |  10 Pagesdays after. The only fresh water they had was the rain that came from time to time. On the sixteenth day of drifting Richard Parker became ill from drinking seawater. On the eighteenth day Dudley and Stephens approached Brooks with the idea that they should sacrifice one person to save the rest. Brooks dissented, and they did not consult Parker as he was ill. On July 24th Dudley and Stephens reasoned with Brooks, saying that since they had families to take care of it was most logical to kill the

Collection and Documentation of Health History - 1549 Words

Collection and Documentation of Health History Purpose of Health record Health history or health record is a systematically created document which stores the complete history of the diseases and physical conditions of the patient. This document gives a chance to the physicians to understand the complete background of patient’s physical health and helps them to plan their further strategy for the treatment of the patient. This document also provides an opportunity to educate medical students and to provide data for medical research (Makoul, 2003). Health history is the first and foremost part of any medical examination. This data helps the physician to understand the physiological, psychological and sociological problems of the patient†¦show more content†¦The basic requirements for extracting detailed information from client are: 1. The health care professional must be perfectly aware of his / her communication style and 2. Have the ability to modify his / her style in order to get better interaction and acquaintance with the patient (Gerteis, Edgman-Levitan, Daley et al., 1993) Like all other human interactions, first impression plays an important role in medical interaction also. Thus, it is important to give full attention to the patient by greeting the patient with his / her name and give a personal touch to the interaction, focus the attention towards his / her chart and listen attentively what the patient is saying. This personal touch to the interaction will help to melt the ice between the patient and the health care professional and makes the patient more communicative (Baker, 1998). Body Language Nonverbal communication plays more important part in communication than verbal communication because language and other methods of communication, which are appropriate in one semantic environment, are usually not utilized in another semantic environment. For example in playgrounds and sports, children use the expressions like â€Å"game plan† or â€Å"Captain of the ship† which cannot be used in a different semantic environment for example workplace. Many of the rules of discourse in a semantic environment are based on situational regulations of behavior. Rules of discourse in a specificShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Medical Record Keeping Documents754 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of medical record keeping documents have been traced back to Ancient Egypt around 1900BC to 1500BC. As Egyptian priests or physicians would make new discoveries about the human anatomy, they would document the findings on thick pieces of paper like fabric that was made from the vascular tissue or pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant known as papyri. During the medieval era of Europe, Physicians were known to document patient diet recommendations, successful treatment plans, and surgicalRead MoreNature Of Human Tissue Specimens Within Museum Collections1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthat some of the information obtained is anecdotal oral history and cannot be verified through documentation. Within the last twenty years, the controversial nature of human tissue specimens within museum collections has sometimes led to their disposal, and the erosion of technical conservation skills relating to this particular type of collection. The UCL Pathology Collection has in recent times rescued the Great Ormond Street Collection from disposal, along with specimens from the Middlesex HospitalRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act ( Hipaa )1113 Words   |  5 PagesMost of us are familiar with The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), as the federal law that ensures protection and security of patients’ personal and health information. Its initial purpose was to protect transmittal of electronic health information as technology began replacing paper (records, communications, and such.) While our personal information is being protected, and it prevents insurance companies from using this information against us when they are deter miningRead MoreA Brief Note On The Electronic Health Records Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesClinical documentation has been used throughout the healthcare to analyze care provided to a patient, communicate important information between healthcare providers and patients, and provide medical records that will help patients track their conditions. The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have revolutionized the process of clinical documentation through direct care to the patient. This electronic health record is a new technology that helps maintain patient’s privacy. Both computers and EHRs canRead MoreThe Electronic Health Records ( Ehrs ) Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesClinical Documentation has been used throughout the healthcare to analyze care provided to a patient, communicate important information between healthcare providers and patients, and provide medical records that will help patients track their conditions. The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have revolutionized the process of clinical documentation through direct care to the patient. This electronic health record is a new technology that helps maintain patient’s privacy and to direct care of the patientRead MoreAdvantages And Importance Of A Health Assessment779 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding a health assessment, and the scope within the term Health Assessment; while including the elements involved to achieve a measurable outcome and supportive validation of a person’s wellness. Within the research consideration will be given to advantages and benefits of a health assessment with insight from a nurse’s observation supported with scholarly literature. Deliberate and investigate my own view, how an individual’s stage of life, situation or environment can modify the way a health assessmentRead MoreThe Classification Of E M Services1308 Words   |  6 Pagesservices rendered that is shared between medical practitioners, patients, and third parties. CPT codes dictate the amount of reimbursement to be paid to the APRN (Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society, 2012). According to the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (2014b), the classification of EM services are based on four types of examination: problem focused, expanded problem focused, detailed, and comprehensive. Problem focused is a limitedRead MoreAmputation Mishap1398 Words   |  6 Pagesnegligence is correct. Ethical principles in nursing and nursing documentation regarding such issues are also discussed. Negligence and malpractice fall under the tort laws definition. According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Torts are civil wrongs, not based on contracts, but on personal transgressions in that the responsible person performed an action incorrectly or omitted a necessary action† (p. 92). Tort laws are based on fault and in a health-care setting, tort laws are the most common. To determine ifRead MoreSample of Nursing Health History1063 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Health History Nursing health history is the first part and one of the mostsignificant aspects in case studies. It is a systematic collection ofsubjective and objective data, ordering and a step-by-step processinculcating detailed information in determining client’s history, healthstatus, functional status and coping pattern. These vital informationsprovide a conceptual baseline data utilized in developing nursingdiagnosis, subsequent plans for individualized care and for the nursingprocessRead MoreRisk Management Nursing Documentation Nur 4921008 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management Nursing Documentation Oscar Chavez NUR 492 May 4, 2012 Susan Dean, RN, MSN, FNP Risk Management Nursing Documentation The issue of documentation of patient care has received considerable attention in the last few years for an array of reasons. Trends in society such as increased consumer education, informed consent, expectation for healthy baby, and an increasingly litigious society all contribute to increased risk management awareness on behalf of healthcare facilities

Masters of public health revised Free Essays

For more than twenty years, I have worked as a dental surgeon in the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   I have spent a great part of my professional life as a dental practitioner in some of the most challenging circumstances while working with extremely basic facilities at a community level.   I have also served a diversified group of people regardless of their socio-economic status. We will write a custom essay sample on Masters of public health revised or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Since HIV and hepatitis are highly communicable diseases that can be acquired through dental treatment and related procedures, I have created public awareness about its prevention through information dissemination by means of conducting lectures, video films and posters. I have also provided information about the dental health status of the population and the inequities in health program.   In addition, I have shared my knowledge about the determinants of health and illness, strategies for health promotion, injury prevention, health protection and the factors that influence the delivery and use of health services.   I was also tasked to carry out a regular annual oral dental inspection at various community levels.   I assessed all the information that was gathered and prepared budgets, reports and recommendations for policy and program development.   These efforts led to the development of a school dental program in Pakistan. I completed my dental studies in the prestigious, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry in Pakistan.   This is a high profiled and oldest dental college in my country.   My interest in the field of public health stems from the dental services that I have done for over two decades while serving the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   This job allowed me to focus on the treatment of dental ailments as well as on the prevention of dental diseases, related infectious and communicable diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. The growing demand of my family did not enable me to perform tours of duty out side of my home city, Karachi.   Hence, I decided to take an early retirement from the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   Then, I worked in various medical centers and provided dental services to the Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (P.T.C.L.) employees and their dependents.     P.T.C.L. at that time was a state run Telecommunication company employing over 60,000 employees.   Recently I also did volunteer work as a trainor for the Kitchner  and Waterloo Sexual Assault Support Center. Pursuing a Masters degree in Public Health is in line with my long term career goal of  moving towards a managerial and  strategic role in health care provision.   I believe  that with the knowledge and exposure that I will learn in the University of Waterloo will enhance my skills as a dental surgeon and will provide me with a better grasp on the issues related to public health and disease prevention for a larger population. Now that I have migrated in Canada, I would like to be an effective public health professional and achieve the health goals set forth by the Canadian health services.   I also intend to conduct a study that will lead to the improvement of health and development of the population-based prevention programs. After successfully raising two intelligent and gifted children who are independently pursuing their college education and being a dedicated mother and a daughter and a happily married spouse for twenty years, I am now more focused and prepared to pursue a life long dream of earning a Masters degree in Public Health from a prestigious university. I believe in the saying of C. Everett Koop that â€Å"health care matters to all of us some of the time, public health matters to all of us all of the time†.   With my passion, dedication and drive in achieving my goals, I will be able to complete my graduate program in the University of Waterloo and contribute to the disease control and prevention program of my community.    How to cite Masters of public health revised, Essay examples

Stryker Corporation In-sourcing PCBs Essay Essay Example

Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay Essay 1. State the Business Case for # 3 Option # 3 has several benefits that make it the most feasible option of all. Here are the undermentioned benefits: * This option promises a higher grade of control over quality and bringing. These developments will assist cut down the logistic losingss. * The initial outgo ( fabricating costs ) will be revenue enhancement deductible. enabling Stryker to take down its revenue enhancement duty in the initial old ages of in-house fabrication. * The depreciation factor of initial investing will besides be revenue enhancement deductible. We will write a custom essay sample on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * Accounts collectible span has increased from being 30 to 120 yearss due to new dialogues with providers. This means that Stryker will largely do money of the client before it has to pay back to its providers. * Having an in-house fabrication unit will enable Stryker Corporation to alter the sum of production rapidly. expeditiously and harmonizing to the altering demand to maximise the profitableness. * A perpendicular integrating of the company will take to monetary value decrease and attentive client service. * With the insourcing unit put in topographic point. Stryker will be to the full equipped to run into its future growing demands. * The current PCBs providers are frequently non dependable as they operate on really light net income border and have opportunities of running into bankruptcy. 2. Compute Capital Budgeting Decision Criteria. Discuss what they mean NPV: Cost of the current sourcing method has a NPV of $ -32. 67M over a period of 6 old ages ( 2004-2009 ) . Cost of the In-house fabrication method has a NPV of $ -31. 8M over a period of 6 old ages ( 2004-2009 ) . This means taking this undertaking has a positive NPV of $ 870. 000. Harmonizing to this analysis. fabricating in-house will work out to be cheaper. IRR: 37. 9 % . holding such a high IRR signifies that there is good mistake border in the cost of capital. In simple words. even if the cost of capital went up from 15 % to 37. 9 % . NPV will merely go 0. Therefore. Option # 3 is the good investing compared to the current option. Payback Period: I calculated a payback period of 3. 11 old ages ( get downing at get downing of 2004 ) that means at 3. 11 old ages the undertaking will make its breakeven point and after this point it will get down generating net income. 3. How would you compare this to options 1 A ; 2 This is a better option than # 1 and # 2. Option # 1 has following drawbacks: * Acquiring safety stock and establishing double sourcing of all electronic assemblies would take to higher cost of stock list. * This would take to more expensive and complex stock list direction system. The Option # 2 has its ain drawbacks like: * Having a individual provider can give provider more bargaining power. * This option will decidedly better the dependability standards but will besides intend hopeless dependence on a individual provider for all sorts and sums of PCBs which can be unsafe as any failure to run into the stuff demands by the provider may intend unmanufactured merchandises. 4. Would urge support this undertaking? I would decidedly propose support this undertaking merely non because it’s NPV ( Cost of option # 3 ) is less in absolute value than the NPV ( Cost of current option ) which means it is comparatively inexpensive to bring forth PCBs in-house. This option should besides be preferred because this undertaking will enable Stryker to hold greater control over its production processes. Having non being dependent on any outside beginnings for PCBs supply will salvage Stryker from unobserved and unwanted losingss. The fabricating units of PCBs can be adjusted harmonizing to the gross revenues and can be extremely flexible with the insource fabrication set up.

Cosi Essay Example

Cosi Essay Example Cosi Essay Cosi Essay Act one Scene one: Plot: Lewis along with his girlfriend, Lucy, and his friend, Nick, enter â€Å"a burnt out theatre. † As they struggle to find a light switch they joined by Roy. Lucy leaves and Nick who is frightened joins her. Lewis meets Justin the social worker and then the other members appear. Doug, a pyromaniac, Henry, who says nothing and Zac, a musician. The women join them soon after, Cherry, who is violent, Julie, a drug addict and Ruth, who suffers obsessive compulsive disorder. Lewis is in an unusual situation and doesn’t know what to say to the members.Roy jumps at this opportunity to suggest Cosi Fan Tutti. Roy tries to sell the story but no one shares his enthusiasm. Pg1- â€Å"A burnt out theatre† (mental health system) Pg2- â€Å"This is where I belong: in the theatre† (Roy) (Importance of Art) Pg3- â€Å"Part of this project is to bring out people like Henry† (Importance of Art) Pg5- â€Å"They are normal people who have done e xtraordinary things, thought extraordinary thoughts† (Mental health system) Pg6- â€Å"Go burn a cat† Pg7- â€Å"Detoxed yet† Pg12- â€Å"I prefer this to the ward† (Importance of Art) Act one Scene two:Plot: Lewis auditions the singers, only to find that none of them can sing. Lewis decides that the opera will be done in English. During a lunch break, Lewis listens to a radio interview that Nick gives about the moratorium. â€Å"They’ll want the war to end, they’ll want changes in our society, they’ll want to overthrow the establishment. † Doug continues to ask Lewis personal questions and then reveals the story of burning his mother’s cats. Cherry flirts with Lewis and feeds him a sandwich. Doug suddenly appears and yells there’s a â€Å"fire in the dunnies. Cherry â€Å"throttles him†. Pg15- â€Å"I aim for the stars† Pg16- â€Å"let’s make love not war† (War) Pg17- â€Å"Theyâ€⠄¢ll want the war to end, they’ll want changes in our society, they’ll want to overthrow the establishment. † (War) Pg17- â€Å"to be against the Vietnam war is also to be against the old fossilised government we now have†(War) Pg20- â€Å"If it wasn’t for that damn cat, I wouldn’t be here† Act one Scene three: Plot: After Doug’s fire, Justin announces that the project will be disbanded and blames Doug for the incident. Cherry claims responsibility so that the play can continue.The rehearsals continue only to have more problems. Henry refuses to speak, Zac insists on playing the piano accordion, Ruth becomes obsessed about the coffee and â€Å"how many steps† she needs to take and Roy bangs his head on the floor out of frustration. During a break, Lewis is reading a student newspaper only to be disrupted by Julie. She tells him about her drug addiction and questions him about his love life with Lucy. Cherry enters and for ce feeds Lewis cake. At this point, Doug’s new fire begins to explode and Cherry pulls out her flick knife.Pg22- â€Å"Roy is devastated, as are the others† (Importance of Art) Pg23- â€Å"This experiment was to bring them out of their shells, not to allow them to wreak havoc. † (Importance of Art) Pg23- â€Å"It was me! Doug isn’t to blame. † (Courage) Pg25- â€Å"You believe me that I didn’t start the fire deliberately? † (Trust) Pg27- â€Å"Cosi offers you a chance to do something successful† (importance of Art) Pg33- â€Å"She hates me doing an opera about love and fidelity while thousands of Vietnamese are being killed by American troops. † (War) Pg33- â€Å"I read this stupid libretto, trying to remember the lines. † Pg34- â€Å"It’s urning like a beauty† (Betrayal) Act one Scene four: Plot: Doug has been committed to a closed ward after setting the theatre alight. Julie arrives and talks more about her drug addiction and what the play means to her. â€Å"I like it because I’m doing something. Using up energy. † Cherry arrives and offers her knife to Lewis because Doug has threatened to kill him. Ruth insists that they will have to continue because she has learnt her lines already. Roy announces that Lewis will need to take over Doug’s role in the play. Nick arrives to help with the opera but gets into a fight with Henry about communists.After convincing Henry that he is not a communist, Lewis decides that the characters will instead return disguised as Australian soldiers. Pg35- â€Å"Put in by you-know-who† (Roy feels betrayed by Lewis) Pg36- â€Å"Getting out of my ward. God, how I hate that ward† (Importance of Art) Pg36- â€Å"Cosi gave me something to think about, something to do. † Pg37- â€Å"Lewis is angry with Roy but says nothing. † (Patience) Pg40- â€Å"He’s having shock treatment. Been a bit depressed lately† (Mental Health system) Pg46- â€Å"Jerry, do whatever Nick says. † (Roys trust in Nick) Pg46- â€Å"You support the communists. Yes. † (War) Pg47- â€Å"What’s this about Vietnam?It’s a place somewhere in Asia. There’s a war going on. (mental health system and War) Act two Scene one: Plot: Cherry suggests that they use electro-shock equipment in a scene where Roy rehearses this approach. Zac arrives with a model of the set which is painted plain white and a poster of Mozart in a straightjacket advertising the opera. Roy becomes alarmed because he feels that the production is moving further and further away from his vision. â€Å"I had a dream, Jerry, and it is fading. † Lewis misses the moratorium so that they can rehearse and Henry announces that the women of the opera remind him of his wife.Zac gropes Ruth who responds with hostility. Julie and Lewis exchange a kiss as Cherry looks for them. Suddenly the lights come back on. Pg59- â€Å"Brings back too many memories† (mental health system) Pg61- â€Å"It’s only white walls. May as well be back in our wards† (Mental health system) Pg62- â€Å"A lower dosage. It’s amazing how much more bright the world seems. † (Mental Health system) Pg64- â€Å"Isn’t that the first day of your moratorium? This comes first. † (Lewis’ loyalty) Pg68- â€Å"Julie kisses Lewis. He responds and they kiss passionately† (infidelity)

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis was a tense 13-day-long (October 16-28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union triggered by America’s discovery of nuclear-capable Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. With Russian long-range nuclear missiles just 90 miles off the shore of Florida, the crisis pushed the limits of atomic diplomacy and is generally considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. Spiced with open and secret communication and strategic miscommunication between the two sides, the Cuban Missile Crisis was unique in the fact that it took place mainly in the White House and the Soviet Kremlin, with little or no foreign policy input from either the U.S. Congress or the legislative arm of the Soviet government, the Supreme Soviet. Events Leading to the Crisis In April 1961, the U.S. government backed a group of Cuban exiles in an armed attempt to overthrow communist Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. The infamous assault, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion, failed miserably, became a foreign policy black eye for President John F. Kennedy, and only widened the growing Cold War diplomatic gap between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Still smarting from the Bay of Pigs failure, the Kennedy administration in the spring of 1962 planned Operation Mongoose, a complex set of operations orchestrated by the CIA and Department of Defense, again intended to remove Castro from power. While some of the non-military actions of Operation Mongoose were conducted during 1962, the Castro regime remained solidly in place. In July 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, in response to the Bay of Pigs and the presence of American Jupiter ballistic missiles Turkey, secretly agreed with Fidel Castro to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in order to prevent the United States from attempting future invasions of the island. The Crisis Begins as Soviet Missiles Detected In August of 1962, routine U.S. surveillance flights began showing a build-up of Soviet-made conventional weapons on Cuba, including Soviet IL–28 bombers capable of carrying nuclear bombs. A U.S. patrol plane flies over a Soviet freighter during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis. Getty Images Staff On September 4, 1962, President Kennedy publicly warned the Cuban and Soviet governments to cease the stockpiling of offensive weapons on Cuba. However, photographs from a U.S. U–2 high-altitude aircraft on October 14 clearly showed sites for the storage and launch of medium- and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) being built in Cuba. These missiles allowed the Soviets to effectively target the majority of the continental United States. On October 15, 1962, the pictures from the U-2 flights were delivered to the White House and within hours the Cuban Missile crisis was underway. The Cuban ‘Blockade’ or ‘Quarantine’ Strategy In the White House, President Kennedy huddled with his closest advisers to plan a response to the Soviet’s actions. Kennedy’s more hawkish advisers – led by the Joint Chiefs of Staff argued for an immediate military response including air strikes to destroy the missiles before they could be armed and made ready for launch, followed by a full-scale military invasion of Cuba. At the other end, some of Kennedy’s advisers favored a purely diplomatic response including strongly-worded warnings to Castro and Khrushchev they hoped would result in the supervised removal of the Soviet missiles and dismantling of the launch sites. Kennedy, however, chose to take a course in the middle. His Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara had suggested a naval blockade of Cuba as a restrained military action. However, in delicate diplomacy, every word matters, and the word â€Å"blockade† was a problem. In international law, a â€Å"blockade† is considered an act of war. So, on October 22, Kennedy ordered the U.S. Navy to establish and enforce a strict naval â€Å"quarantine† of Cuba. The same day, President Kennedy sent a letter to Soviet premier Khrushchev making it clear that further delivery of offensive weapons to Cuba would not be allowed, and that the Soviet missile bases already under construction or completed should be dismantled and all weapons returned to the Soviet Union. Kennedy Informs the American People Early in the evening of October 22, President Kennedy appeared live across all U.S. television networks to inform the nation of the Soviet nuclear threat developing just 90 miles from American shores. In his televised address, Kennedy personally condemned Khrushchev for the â€Å"clandestine, reckless and provocative threat to world peace† and warned that the United States was prepared to retaliate in kind should any Soviet missiles be launched. â€Å"It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union,† stated President Kennedy. Kennedy went on to explain his administration’s plan for dealing with the crisis through the naval quarantine. â€Å"To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated,† he said. â€Å"All ships of any kind bound for Cuba, from whatever nation or port, will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back.† Kennedy also stressed that the U.S. quarantine would not prevent food and other humanitarian â€Å"necessities of life† from reaching the Cuban people, â€Å"as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948.† Mere hours before Kennedy’s address, the Joint Chiefs of Staff had placed all U.S. military forces on DEFCON 3 status, under which the Air Force stood ready to launch retaliatory attacks within 15 minutes. Khrushchev’s Response Raises Tensions At 10:52 pm EDT, on October 24, President Kennedy received a telegram from Khrushchev, in which the Soviet Premier stated, â€Å"if you [Kennedy] weigh the present situation with a cool head without giving way to passion, you will understand that the Soviet Union cannot afford not to decline the despotic demands of the USA.† In the same telegram, Khrushchev stated that he had ordered Soviet ships sailing for Cuba to ignore the U.S. naval â€Å"blockade,† which the Kremlin considered to be â€Å"an act of aggression.† During October 24 and 25, despite Khrushchev’s message, some ships bound for Cuba turned back from the U.S. quarantine line. Other ships were stopped and searched by U.S. naval forces but were found not to contain offensive weapons and allowed to sail on for Cuba. However, the situation was actually growing more desperate as U.S. reconnaissance flights over Cuba indicated that work on the Soviet missile sites was continuing, with several nearing completion. US Forces Go to DEFCON 2 In light of the latest U-2 photos, and with no peaceful end to the crisis in sight, the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed U.S. forces at readiness level DEFCON 2; an indication that war involving the Strategic Air Command (SAC) was imminent. During the DEFCON 2 period, about 180 of SAC’s more than 1,400 long-range nuclear bombers remained on airborne alert and some 145 U.S. intercontinental ballistic missiles were placed on ready status, some aimed at Cuba, some at Moscow. On the morning of October 26, President Kennedy told his advisers that while he intended to allow the naval quarantine and diplomatic efforts more time to work, he feared that removing the Soviet missiles from Cuba would ultimately require a direct military attack. As America held its collective breath, the risky art of atomic diplomacy faced its greatest challenge. Khrushchev Blinks First On the afternoon of October 26, the Kremlin appeared to soften its stance. ABC News correspondent John Scali informed the White House that a â€Å"Soviet agent† had personally suggested to him that Khrushchev might order the missiles removed from Cuba if President Kennedy personally promised not to invade the island. While the White House was unable to confirm the validity of Scali’s â€Å"back channel† Soviet diplomatic offer, President Kennedy received an eerily similar message from Khrushchev himself on the evening of October 26. In an uncharacteristically long, personal and emotional note, Khrushchev expressed a desire to avoid the horrors of a nuclear holocaust. â€Å"If there is no intention,† he wrote, â€Å"to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war, then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope, let us take measures to untie that knot. We are ready for this.† President Kennedy decided not to respond to Khrushchev at the time.   Out of the Frying Pan, but Into the Fire However, the next day, October 27, the White House learned that Khrushchev was not exactly that â€Å"ready† to end the crisis. In a second message to Kennedy, Khrushchev emphatically demanded that any deal to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba had to include the removal of U.S. Jupiter missiles from Turkey. Once again, Kennedy chose not to respond. Later the same day, the crisis deepened when a U.S. U–2 reconnaissance jet was shot down by a surface-to-air (SAM) missile launched from Cuba. The U-2 pilot, U.S. Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson Jr., died in the crash. Khrushchev claimed that the Major Anderson’s plane had been shot down by the â€Å"Cuban military† on orders issued by Fidel Castro’s brother Raul. While President Kennedy had previously stated he would retaliate against Cuban SAM sites if they fired on U.S. planes, he decided not to do so unless there were further incidents. While continuing to search for a diplomatic resolution, Kennedy and his advisors began planning an attack on Cuba to be carried out as soon as possible in order to prevent more nuclear missile sites from becoming operational. As this point, President Kennedy still had not responded to either of Khrushchev’s messages. Just in Time, a Secret Agreement In a risky move, President Kennedy decided to respond to Khrushchev’s first less demanding message and ignore the second one. Kennedy’s response to Khrushchev suggested a plan for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba to be overseen by the United Nations, in return for assurances that the United States would not invade Cuba. Kennedy, however, made no mention of the U.S. missiles in Turkey. Even as President Kennedy was responding to Khrushchev, his younger brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, was secretly meeting with Soviet Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobrynin. In their October 27 meeting, Attorney General Kennedy told Dobrynin that the United States had been planning to remove its missiles from Turkey and would proceed to do so, but that this move could not be made public in any agreement ending the Cuban missile crisis. Dobrynin related the details of his meeting with Attorney General Kennedy to the Kremlin and on the morning of October 28, 1962, Khrushchev publicly stated that all Soviet missiles would be dismantled and removed from Cuba. While the missile crisis was essentially over, the U.S. naval quarantine continued until November 20, 1962, when the Soviets agreed to remove their IL–28 bombers from Cuba. Interestingly, the U.S. Jupiter missiles were not removed from Turkey until April 1963. The Legacy of the Missile Crisis As the defining and most desperate event of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis helped to improve the world’s negative opinion of the United States after its failed Bay of Pigs invasion and strengthened President Kennedy’s overall image at home and abroad. In addition, the secretive and dangerously confusing nature of vital communications between the two superpowers as the world teetered on the brink of nuclear war resulted in the installation of the so-called â€Å"Hotline† direct telephone link between the White House and the Kremlin. Today, the â€Å"Hotline† still exists in the form of a secure computer link over which messages between the White House and Moscow are exchanged by email. Finally and most importantly, realizing they had brought the world to the brink of Armageddon, the two superpowers began to consider scenarios for ending the nuclear arms race and began working toward a permanent nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Chinese American discussion homework Research Paper

Chinese American discussion homework - Research Paper Example Due to their racial affiliation, they are discriminated by the Whites. The diversity of culture of the Asian Americans is also an issue especially when they mingle with their White counterparts. Education attainment will also be an issue as the gap between the races is difficult to be narrowed. Friedersdorf indicates that for the previous twenty years, the number of Asians scooping the top most academic awards in the California Institute of Technology has escalated and most of them have been named semifinalists in the National Merit Scholarships (1). Nonetheless, the performance of the Chinese is exemplary regardless of the challenges they meet due to their racial affiliation. They performed well at school as they were forced to study both during daytime and nighttime by their parents in order to be at par with their White counterparts. The fact that the Chinese Americans are undermined based on their race, makes them more motivated to study harder and attain their grades based on merit and diligence (Zakaria 1). Friedersdorf, Conor. â€Å"Is the Ivy League Fair to Asian Americans?† The Atlantic, 21st Dec, 2012. Web. 16 May 2014.

Global and Domestic Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global and Domestic Distribution - Essay Example Comparison of Domestic and Global Market. There are unique similarities and differences between domestic and global markets. While the similarities or potentialities are the raison d'etre for a planned expansion into global domain, the differences lead to challenges to be overcome while entering into an unknown foreign domain. Some of the difficulties which are sure to be overcome in a multi-national market distribution are appended in succeeding paragraphs. National Policies. A main hindrance in global distribution is often the national policies which in many developing countries discourage foreign players and support domestic ones. Further, changes in successive democratic governments can lead to frequently changing priorities/policies, unreasonable tax structure against foreign players thereby making penetration and distribution difficult. There have been many instances where huge investments have been made by certain global players in anticipation of growth in a particular field and with a change in the government, the whole process received a setback to an extent that the global player had to actually wind up and leave. Further, pioneers and domestic players also make all possible moves to deter entry by being on the right side of governmental public policies (First-mover advantages: Retrospective and Link with the Resource-based View MB Lieberman, DB Montgomery - Strategic Management Journal, 1998) Individualised Goods. While distributing a product in own country, the marketing manager is aware of prevailing situation, needs, growth pattern and other variables persisting in the market as well as the customer. This allows him to market the product to meet specific individual needs of the customer to a large extent. Any product meeting specific requirements of a customer will lead to better customer satisfaction, reputation and thereby automatic favourable advertisement of the product. However, in case of a foreign market, this adaptability is not available. The conditions prevailing in each and every country are different and products need to be manufactured in a country specific manner to suit requirements of customers as well as infrastructure, likely development pattern and economy of that country. A good research before huge investments are made will ensure requisite success when marketing a product in a new country. Getting the product or service to the customer. Buyer behaviour and characteristics directly affect overall objectives of a business. This aspect is critical to successful distribution in a global market. If the product needs to be made available to a large section of population of developing countries living in non-urban areas with limited resources, the task becomes even more difficult due to limited communication networks, distribution channels, lower advertising potential due to limited reach of media and lack of awareness of people about new products from a different country. Further, reaching out to individual customers and assuring him of product's worth is a near impossible task in countries where people have a very

Management Essays Force Field Analysis

Management Essays Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis One of the vital tools for organizational transformation is the use of the Force Field Analysis. According to Wilson (2000, p. 207), most situations that have something to do with work can be envisioned as having two sets of forces those that encourage the situation and those that prevent or discourage it. Driving forces are those forces or factors affecting a situation which are pushing in a particular direction (Jenkins). Driving forces tend to initiate a change and keep it going. Restraining forces may be likened to walls or barriers (Jenkins). They only put a stop and prevent movements towards improvements. These forces are acting to restrain or decrease the driving forces. In any group or organization, there are both driving and restraining forces at times of change. The Force Field Analysis suggests ways of dealing with these opposing forces. With reference to this model, analyze the essential stages in the change process, the characteristics of crises and conflict, and the managerial approaches for successfully implementing change. Introduction: Many years ago, Kurt Lewin told us that the best way to understand an organisation is to try to change it (Carter, et al, 2001 p. 4). Different organisations have a number of barriers and challenges to overcome. These can come both from their external and internal environments. These barriers constitute a force for change. Change has always been one of the main features of organisational life. It may not always be welcomed and desirable but it is proving to be the one of the main constant in todays changing environment. An organisation that does not recognize change is an organisation that has ceased to exist in the real world. Organisations respond to different challenges in different ways. Most of these challenges are brought about by the emergence of new technologies, new competitors, new markets, and new customer demands (Harvard). These challenges bring about the need to embrace organisational change in structure, culture, and process. If organisations are contemplating changes, then it will be helpful to determine what forces are acting for or against these changes. As these organisations are moving about and implementing change, they are constantly being bombarded with environmental, social, economic, political, and leadership challenges and pressures. These challenges breed different types of forces. Carefully analyzing the forces that bring about these challenges can help organisations decide, control, and implement balanced change programs in difficult and uncertain times. A model of change calls for identifying the different ways of dealing with these forces by understanding and following the change process, the identification and resolution of crisis and conflicts, and the different managerial approaches to successfully implementing change. Force Field Analysis One of the vital tools for organizational transformation is the use of the Force Field Analysis. According to Wilson (2000, p. 207), most situations that have something to do with work can be envisioned as having two sets of forces those that encourage the situation and those that prevent or discourage it. Driving forces are those forces or factors affecting a situation which are pushing in a particular direction (Jenkins). Driving forces tend to initiate a change and keep it going. Restraining forces may be likened to walls or barriers (Jenkins). They only put a stop and prevent movements towards improvements. These forces are acting to restrain or decrease the driving forces. When driving forces are countered by restraining forces, a certain level of equilibrium develops. This equilibrium can be raised or lowered by changes in the relationship between the driving force and the restraining force. Sometimes, in order to maintain this equilibrium, driving forces may be increased or decreased. In the course of doing so however, additional restraining forces may emerge. Different forces can be modified by reducing or removing forces, stretching or adding forces, and changing the direction of forces. Force field analysis is a management technique developed by Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of social sciences for diagnosing situations (Accel-team). It is often useful when looking at the variables involved in planning and implementing a change program and in trying to overcome resistance to change and inertia. It is also widely used to inform decision-making and planning and implementing change management programs in different organizations. As a vital tool in organisational change, it can identify the relative priority of factors on each side of organizational issues. It can also be used to analyse the forces affecting these issues and situations. Force Field Analysis Process This analysis is carried out with a group using a flip chart or overhead transparency. Usually, the first step is to assess the current situation and agree on the goal of the policy or institutional change. This goal should be written between two columns. All the forces for change (usually, driving forces) and encouraging improvements should be listed on one column and all forces against change (restraining forces) in the other. The next step is to try to establish the weight of each force, that is, how much influence is being exerted by that force using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 denotes a weak influences and 5 denotes a strong influence. Equilibrium is usually achieved when the sum of the weights of the driving forces equals the sum of the weights of the restraining forces. Force Field Analysis as a Model of Change Wilson (2000, p. 224) says that for most organisations that are about to embark on change process, one of the first steps is for senior managers to spend time reviewing strategies and exploring alternatives. This process may involve away days, seminars, and conferences. Another strategy is to define specific problems and ask specific questions related to the different problems. This may be a difficult task considering the level of energy needed to break the opposition to change and inertia. For example, in analyzing how to improve and increase the number of enrollees in most higher education institutions, questions like, why dont we change the way we screen and accept students or what are the forces which are keeping our strategies in their present trend? The education sector is in a very competitive environment nowadays. Colleges and universities around the world are keen on attracting an even greater number of students even from distant places through different online programs. However, as school administrators are slowly exploring deeper into the root causes of falling number of college students, it becomes clearer that there may be some strong forces preventing substantial changes in strategies from occurring as well as strong forces pressing toward changing the nature of the entire educational system. There might be several forces which point toward more acceptable levels of screening techniques and even ways of attracting prospective college students: Students desire more flexible schedules and more convenient ways of dealing with their instructors. College entrance examinations may not always be the most reliable way of screening and evaluating prospective college students. Technology makes it possible for education related services to simulate traditional classroom environments and interactions. In addition to these forces, schools desire to be the center of excellence on specific fields of learning. Today, schools are continually trying to improve on all the aspects of their student services. There might be other forces which seem to be opposed to these changes. Some of these forces are: 1. Many faculty members in most colleges and universities lack formal training in technology-based educational system. 2. Easing on the present method of screening students and experimenting with the unknown makes everyone involved feel insecure. 3. Testing with new scheduling methods may be risky and can contribute to the deterioration of classroom instructions and the quality of other services. During the clarification stage of the change process, one of the goals of this stage is to be able to clarify misconceptions and provide the forum and venue where doubts can be raised and addressed properly. Identifying the driving and restraining forces are concentrated on reaching a common understanding of what the proposed changes would mean and how it relates to the entire organisation. One of the driving forces is the need to see and visualize the short and long term benefits of any proposed changes. The restraining force may be the lack of specific and detailed information and supporting documentation with regards to the proposed changes. During the implementation phase of the change process, it is necessary to attain a certain level of success. After having clarified some goals, senior management can spend more time developing clear measures of success. Some of the driving and restraining forces can be centered on how and when to measure the success of the implemented changes. In each stage of the change process, it is crucial to attain a certain level of equilibrium so that change can be sustained and be kept going. Force Field Analysis Example The force field analysis has been used in diverse fields ranging from organisational change to self-development. In another example of using the force field analysis for change, let us examine the goal of one manufacturing company. This manufacturing company would like to use new strategies and new technologies in their marketing operations. The driving and restraining force are sorted on common themes and are prioritized according to their magnitude towards change by assigning a score or rating to each force, ranging from 1 to 5 where 1 denotes a weak force and 5 as the strong force. Driving forces Score/Rating Customers want new information on products 4 Improve speed of information delivery to customers 3 Raise level of product awareness 4 Marketing costs are increasing 3 ___________ Total 14 Restraining forces Score/Rating Loss of staff overtime 2 Staff frightened by new technologies 3 Environmental impact of new technologies 3 High cost of new technologies 3 Disruption to daily marketing operations 2 ___________ Total 13 Based on the previous example, it is clear that the driving forces are pushing for new ways of marketing products and services. One of the new technologies which can be used to market these products and services can be the use of web-based technologies and the Internet. The use of the web provides customers a lot of opportunities to gain access to real-time information at a much faster rate compared to traditional marketing techniques like the printing and distribution of card catalogs containing new product information and specifications. This strategy also raises the level of awareness of these products and services as it can cover a wider customer base. Although initially, investing on new technologies can be cost-prohibitive, in the long run, as marketing costs related to printing and manpower eventually rises, the use of web and Internet technologies may prove to be much more cheaper in the long run. One of the restraining forces is the loss of staff overtime. It is one restraining force because these overtimes provide additional pay to employees and it would make it more difficult for these employees to come to terms with these losses due to changes in marketing strategies. The use of the web virtually lessens the need to do overtime marketing jobs especially for those who are working on the field. Sometimes, the staff may be averse to the introduction of new technologies as there is always the degree of uncertainty and job loss to be brought about by them. Crisis and Conflicts Problem solving is often concerned with shifting the balance (Wilson, p.207). As organisations adapt changes, certain relationships are created, certain policies are changed, and some techniques are developed. In handling conflicts and crisis brought about by change, the force field analysis can help identify the different forces that bring about negative and positive feedbacks and reactions from people. Individuals are being asked to give up practices, relationships, attitudes, and sometimes emotions (Wilson, p. 218). In trying to resolve conflicts and crisis situations associated with planned changes, the force field analysis can reduce or remove the force that is causing the conflict situation. It can also stretch or add new forces to counter another force. In certain instances where conflicts cannot be resolved through the addition or removal of certain forces, changing the direction of these forces can be an alternative. If organisations are to put a new philosophy in conflict r esolution, then they are adding a new driving force. Managerial Approaches for Successfully Implementing Change It is a must for organisations undergoing change to create effective processes and approaches for the planning and management of change (Pieters, p.119). Managing change through the use of the force field analysis may inevitably bring forth new ways of identifying factors that can contribute to the success or failure of the change process. Management of change processes must consider not only short term goals but also long term ones. The force field analysis can be seen as the framework in diagnosing interrelationships between the intervening variables in the organisational setup. Management approaches in organisational change should not upset the equilibrium. Sometime, top level managements desire to achieve and see immediate results through increased profits and productivity by increasing the driving forces can breed different sets of restraining forces. A manager that is autocratic and imposes high working standards and discipline on the entire organisation can expect to achieve an immediate increase in output in the short term. However, new restraining forces may develop in the form of increased antagonism and hostility towards the manager and the organisation in general. It may generate discontentment, disillusionment, and increased resistance to change. By the time a new manager takes over, there would already be an increased activity related to the different restraining forces which can cause lower productivity and output. This new equilibrium may need a new set of managerial approaches in order to stabilize the situation. The manager may see the need t o increase output and productivity right away but may try another approach. He may not immediately increase the driving forces but might even try to lessen the restraining forces by engaging in dialogs and other problem solving techniques. With the possible elimination of hostility and negative attitudes towards management, in the long term, the equilibrium (increased productivity) needed to attain a certain level of increased productivity may begin to be achieved through increase in skills and commitment to organisational objectives. It is also important to develop the habits of participative work since it is likely possible that the identification of the different forces can come from the different levels of the organisation (Harvard). Specifically, some of these approaches are the following: Push the decision making down to the lowest possible. The identification of the root causes of problems and the possible solutions to these problems can be found on those that are in the frontline. Begin sharing information freely. By sharing information freely, members of the organisation are encouraged to share their own problems and experiences. Make communication a two way street. It is important to talk and listen at the same time. Eliminate unnecessary symbols of hierarchy and unequal status. These symbols can come in the form of executive lunch rooms and parking spaces. Encourage participatory management. It is important to keep in mind that everyone is also capable of managing different aspects of their life. Get into the trenches with frontline employees and encourage other managers to do the same. This management approach would be construed as a way of bridging the gap between management and the workforce. Give people practice in collaborative work between functions by attacking projects and problems through cross-functional teams. This approach encourages more interaction and communication not only between management and the employees but from among the employees themselves. Help people see the why of change, and work with them to discover the what. It is easy to explain and understand the need for change. What is difficult to understand and see is the why. There are interlocking problems and complex issues that need to be simplified for every individual to see. With respect o cultural change, the following steps and approaches should be considered: Uncover beliefs and values. Acknowledge, respect, and discuss differences between core values and beliefs of different sub cultures within the organisation. Look for incongruencies between conscious and unconscious beliefs and values and resolve by choosing those to which the organisation wishes to commit. Conclusion: It is assumed that in any situation, there are driving and restraining forces that influence any change that can occur. Organisations that are planning some form of changes need to be able to adopt a specific change model that would address most of the issues and problems that would be associated with it. The force field analysis can be a good model for change. This analysis provides a lot of opportunities for organisations contemplating on change to view different situations and identify different sets of forces that can directly influence the change process, conflict and crisis resolution, and managerial approaches to these changes. It also allows the organisation to weigh these forces and adopt priority measures based on the strengths of these forces. In general, it means that the organisation has gotten into grips with the problems that they are currently experiencing and have thought of all the consequences of all the possible solutions. Driving forces tend to initiate change while restraining forces tend to decrease or even stop the driving forces from initiating change. The current setup of todays organisations and the way they adapt to changing environments influenced by a lot of factors and forces makes the force field analysis one of the best models in managing and implement ing organisational change. The harsh reality of life nowadays encourages the removal of restraining forces rather than develop overpowering and driving forces. These strategies provide one of the strongest analytical tools yet for organisational change. Bibliography Duck, Jeanie (2001), The Change Monster, Crown Business, New York. Harvard Business Essentials (2003), Managing Change Transition, Harvard Business Carter, L et al (2001), Best Practices in Organizational Development and Change, Wiley, San Francisco. Kanter, Rosabeth (1992), The Challenge of Organizational Change, Free Press, Canada. Nutt, Paul (1992), Managing Planned Change, McMillan, Singapore. Pieters, Gerald (2000), The Ever-Changing Organization: Creating the Capacity for Continuous Change, Learning, and Improvement, St. Lucie Press, Florida. Wilson, Graham (2000), Problem Solving, 2nd edn, Kogan Page, London. Jenkins, David (1949), Force Field Analysis Applied to a School Situation, Retrieved: May 30, 2005 from http://www.crossroad.to/Quotes/brainwashing/force-field.htm. Force Field Analysis, Retrieved: May 28, 2005 from http://www.pyswww.com/mtsite/forcefield.html. Force Field Analysis, Retrieved: May 30, 2005 from http://www. Asem.org/conferences/2004/conferenceproceedings/koplyay150.pdf Team Building: Force Field Analysis, Retrieved: May 28, 2005 from http://www.accel-team.com/techniques/force_field_analysis.html Sustainable Change Management, Retrieved: May 29, 2005 from http://www.challengequest.com/pdf/sustainable_change_management.pdf Organizational Culture: Change Process, Retrieved: May 30, 2005 from http://www.soi.,org/readaing/change/process.shtml

Criticism of the government Essay

In naming people, the girls were probably projecting their own guilt onto others. In this assignment, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller I am going to explore the whole situation to discover from where I think the evil came from. In order to do this, I am going to need to analyse some of the characters and state how much I think they contributed to the real evil in Salem. Firstly there is Samuel Parris. He is a very memorable character. Throughout the play, his character comes across as nasty, cold and cunning but underneath that bold exterior we see that he is an insecure and cowardly man who is easily intimidated by those of higher power in order to achieve what he believes to be a high status. Because of this, and the fact that he is widowed and has never been able to care for children, anyone who has read the play will find Parris unfit to be a father to his only daughter Betty, let alone be a minister of Salem. Due to his insecurity, Parris is paranoid that whatever he does, or wherever he goes he is being judged, as Arthur Miller states in his introduction, â€Å"He believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God to his side. † As he thinks of himself as a man of importance to the ordinary people of Salem, because he is a minister of Salem, he is over-sensitive and easily offended, even if â€Å"someone rose to shut the door without first asking his permission. † Between the very start of the play and the very end, there is quite a change in Samuel Parris’ character so our feelings towards him change also. As a member of an audience first watching the play, I would have no idea of the characteristics of Parris, which are described above, so when Parris first appears I am not biased towards him, and, in fact pity him as he kneels helplessly at the bedside of his daughter, although this feeling does not last long. We can see through Parris’ actions throughout the play that he is actually quite a foolish man. Although it is obvious that there are many others who can be blamed for the start of the witch-hunts in Salem, Samuel Parris is to blame on many occasions. For instance, his inability to handle the situation, the dancing in the woods, where he found his daughter, niece and other young girls in the wood, doing what he thought to be conjuring spirits, and Betty’s state of unconsciousness. Parris could have handled the situation with humour, realising that such young girls were most probably unable to conjure spirits, and that Betty may have reacted like she did out of fear and hysteria. In this scene we find that Parris is very selfish as he cares more for his reputation than for the well being of his only daughter. He says that he does not wish to leap to withcraft for the cause of Betty’s state when he says, â€Å"Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. † We believe that he is worried about his daughter and does not wish to let himself believe that there might be some evil presence with a hold on Betty, but it soon becomes apparent that he is only worried about his reputation and how his enemies will try and use Betty’s condition against him, â€Å"Now look you child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. † Parris can also be quite cruel. Instead of bringing up his niece Abigail as a cherished member of his family, he sends her out to work as a maid to the families of the village. Because of this, and all the previous discoveries made about Parris, it is easy for the audience to start to see his character differ from how it was at the very start of the play. We start to resent Parris, and start to see the cunning and selfish character of Parris, as described in Arthur Miller’s introduction to the play. One action that proves just how prone to act before thinking Parris is, is when he calls for Reverend Hale of Beverly, an expert in seeking out unnatural presences, although he has already stated that he does not want to look to unnatural causes to find the source of Betty’s condition. He then progresses to tell Mr Hale that he caught the girls in the woods conjuring spirits, â€Å"Why, sir-I discovered her and my niece and ten or twelve of the other girls, dancing in the forest last night. † There was absolutely no need for Parris to have told Hale that. If he had not told him then Hale would have eventually have had to come to some conclusion about what was wrong with Betty and even if he did say it was to do with the unnatural world, Samuel Parris, nor any of the girls could be held responsible. It is doubtful that any of the girls would have confessed it themselves as the other girls threatened those who came close to telling. Later on in the play, Parris realises this early mistake he has made even though by now it is too late to save himself. After Hale eventually manages to get the girls to confess to have conjured spirits, we see a great change in Parris’ views towards witchcraft. He no longer wishes to stay away from the possibility of unnatural causes; in fact he does all he can to put all the blame on it when he finds that he can use it to his advantage. Parris seems to find it his responsibility to make matters worse for anyone accused of witchcraft, as with anyone who’s testament may stand in the way of him achieving what he wants. As the girls make wild accusations about the poor innocent members of the Salem community, Parris makes senseless claims that make it seem like the girls are telling the truth. He does the same with anyone who tries to defend someone he has accused. He does this solely for his own benefit. Take for example when, in Act three, Judge Danforth asks John Proctor, â€Å"Now, what deposition do you have for us, Mr Proctor? † to which Proctor replies â€Å"It’s a sort of testament. The people signing it declare their good opinion or Rebecca, and my wife, and Martha Corey. † Parris tries to enforce doubt into the minds of those present by questioning the validity of his argument, â€Å"Their good opinion! † though thankfully, he does this to no avail. Parris’ character stays pretty much the same throughout the duration of the play. He continues to ruin people’s lives. He is quite wise as he is able to manipulate people’s words to make it sound as if they are confessing to have trafficked with the devil. Nearing the end of the play, when John Proctor has been accused of witchcraft and is to be hanged, Parris’ character changes somewhat. Prior to the accusation against Proctor, Parris has slandered John Proctor and Giles to judge Danforth so that they will not be believed because he knows that if they are, it will look bad on his part. Soon after Proctor is accused, the people of Salem, who had always applauded the execution of ‘witches’, realised that the innocent were being killed. They chose to take out their anger on Parris and he received death wishes, one being a dagger in his door. This is what brings on the peculiar difference in his character. With his vain attempts, he tries to get Proctor to admit to witchcraft although he knows he’s not guilty of it. Parris’ reason for doing this is clear to the audience, and our beliefs that he is a selfish man are confirmed. There are also many others who can be blamed for the Salem witch-trials. One other is Abigail Williams. I think that Abigail is the main, and close to being the only cause of the witch hunts in Salem. In comparison to all the other characters that I will describe, she is relatively young, yet she seems to be the wisest in the art of corruption and deceit. As with every character in the play, as a member of the audience I know nothing about Abigail’s character other done what she shows through how she portrays herself on stage. Because of this, when we first meet Abigail’s character, we have no previously existing feelings towards her. We first see Abigail when she has just entered the bedroom of her cousin Betty, who lies inert on her bed after the shock of being caught dancing in the woods. Her character seems to be gentle and caring. We soon learn that she is not so innocent because of two things she does, or has done. The first is the news of the cruel deed that she is supposed to have committed against Elizabeth Proctor, as Parris says â€Å"Abigail, is there any other cause than you have told me, for your being discharged from Goody Proctor’s service†¦ she comes so rarely to church this year for she will not sit so close to something soiled. What signified that remark? † By the way that she responds to this, it is simple to see that she is very aware of how she feels about people, and cares nothing about the respect she should show them, through what she says, â€Å"She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. It’s a bitter woman, a lying, cold, snivelling, woman, and I will not work for such a woman! † The second is the change in attitude she has towards Betty. She claims that she will never do anything to harm Betty, â€Å"I would never hurt Betty. I love her dearly. † But as soon as Parris has left the room, we see that she is conniving and all that she said whilst Parris was in the room was an act. Immediately we grow to resent Abigail as we have seen her for just a short while, yet she has already been deceitful to someone that she should have great respect for. Abigail, in fact, has no real care for Betty. Her only care is that Betty does not land her in trouble. Once Parris has left the room, Abigail becomes more aggressive in her attempts to get Betty out of her unconscious state, â€Å"Betty? Now stop this! Betty! Sit up now! † Abigail is a person who easily intimidates her peers. I personally think that the other girls allow her to be so dominant over them as they think that she has no fear of anyone because of what happened to her parents, â€Å"†¦ I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! † There is much that can be said about Abigail, and her contribution to the evil in Salem. As Mary Warren tells her early on in the play, all Abigail has to do, to save her own, and many others lives, is admit to having had danced in the woods. If she had been straight with Parris and told him everything that went on in the woods – instead of blaming it on Tituba – then she, along with the other girls who participated, would have only been whipped for their dancing. When Abigail and Proctor are first seen together in Betty’s room, we see once more the lack of Abigail’s innocence as we find out about the pairs brief encounter, â€Å"Give me a soft word, John. A soft word. † The manner in which Abigail talks to Proctor is not of that of a child, so any beliefs that we assumed about the innocence of her character are dashed. When Reverend Hale first arrives and begins to question Abigail, she is frightened of the thought of being caught, and then when Hale simply asks if she was forced into it by Tituba, she finds a useful way of shifting the blame away from her, and onto someone that she herself knows is entirely innocent. Because of this our feelings towards Abigail change dramatically. Not only has her character lost its innocence, but it has also gained a streak of deceit, cruelty, and cowardice. Out of pure fear for her life, Tituba confesses to having had conjured spirits, but when Abigail joins her in confessing, it is done purely to alleviate her from the guilt of letting Tituba take all the blame. The fact that the other girls soon join in after Abigail either symbolises the same thing it did with Abigail or just shows how much power Abigail expresses other them. Because of the fact that Tituba is supposed to be a cherished friend of all the girls, how easily the girls can blame her comes as a shock, and just shows how far from kind the girls are. Unknowingly the adults actually fuel the start of the witch-hunts as they feed the girls with names of people that can be held liable of committing the ‘crime’. However, Abigail is fully aware of what the adults are doing and uses it to her advantage. The other girls follow Abigail, but only out of the hysteria. This event helps to inspire Abigail. Throughout the rest of the play, Abigail uses this technique to claim that she saw people with the devil. She is believed by the court officials because, as judge Danforth says, â€Å"†¦ witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. † As I have already stated, Abigail is clever and it does not take her long to realise that she can blame people that she wishes to take revenge on, whatever the reason may be. For example, Abigail accuses Elizabeth Proctor because she wants her out of the way so that John Proctor will return to her. Abigail seems heartless as she jeers when she sees people that she knows are innocent being hanged. For this reason, and many others that I have described, including her infatuation with John Proctor, I blame Abigail for the Salem witch-trials. She contributed more than most of the others. Although it is not his fault, John Hale can be blamed for the conviction of people accused of witchcraft. However, John Hale did not contribute much to the evil. Through all of his actions, John Hale acts honestly and is genuinely convinced that the people are possessed. Hale is a minister who specialises in ascertaining witchcraft. He is convinced that he can tell if a person is possessed, and does not mean to cause any harm when he uses his ‘gift’ to convince people to confess to trafficking. The accused know that confession is the only way of staying alive, but, at this moment, Hale is oblivious to it. Fortunately, Hale realises what is going on, after he is confronted by Proctor when he speaks of how many have confessed to witchcraft, â€Å"†¦ why not, if they must die for denyin’ it? There are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang: have you never thought of that? † Hale is truly remorseful and from that point on, does everything in his power to resolve the situation. But, with Hales case, although he does nothing to promote it, it shows how much image overpowers common sense. Hale brings with him weird books and he is thought of as a great healer, whereas Giles Corey’s wife is hanged for reading books that could have been just like Hales. Compared to most of the other characters, the Putnams played a relatively small part in their contribution. In these times, it was thought that if a child died young it was the mother’s failure as a woman. Ann has had seven of her eight children die at a young age and is ashamed of what the townspeople must think of her. Because of this we pity her. When Goody Osburn is blamed, Ann is relieved and is quick to find that she can now use Goody Osburn as the reason her children died, as she states, just after Goody Osburn is charged, â€Å"I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shrivelled in her hands! † Unlike Ann, Thomas Putnam does not act out of grief, but out of greed. For this reason, we don’t pity Thomas, and, in fact, feel resentment towards him, as he is heartless. He feels absolutely no guilt or remorse in falsely testifying in court about someone that he wants something from. For instance, Thomas Putnam convinces his daughter Ruth to cry witchery on George Jacobs so that he will be arrested, as it is obvious that such a man will not admit to working with unnatural spirits. This was because the law on witchcraft was, if someone was executed after being accused of witchery, but does not admit to it, then their land becomes state property, which means that anyone can buy it. Giles Corey realises that Putnam is acting out of greed and heads straight to court, in an attempt to overthrow the court, as Danforth questions Putnam â€Å"I have here an accusation by Mr Corey against you. He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail. † John Proctor can also be blamed because from the start, he could have brought the situation to a halt if he had not been such a coward. From the start, Elizabeth tries to tell John Proctor of the dangers of Abigail but he does not seem to grasp just how dangerous the situation might become, until it is too late.

Oscillation and Periodic Motion in Physics

Oscillation refers to the repeated back and forth movement of something between two positions or states. An oscillation can be a periodic motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle, such as a sine wave—a wave with perpetual motion as in the side-to-side swing of a pendulum, or the up-and-down motion of a spring with a weight. An oscillating movement occurs around an equilibrium point or mean value. It is also known as periodic motion. A single oscillation is a complete movement, whether up and down or side to side, over a period of time. Oscillators An oscillator is a device that exhibits motion around an equilibrium point. In a pendulum clock, there is a change from potential energy to kinetic energy with each swing. At the top of the swing, potential energy is at maximum, and that energy is converted to kinetic energy as it falls and is driven back up the other side. Now again at the top, kinetic energy has dropped to zero, and potential energy is high again, powering the return swing. The frequency of the swing is translated via gears to mark time. A pendulum will lose energy over time to friction if the clock isnt corrected by a spring. Modern timepieces use the vibrations of quartz and electronic oscillators, rather than the movement of pendulums. Oscillating Motion An oscillating motion in a mechanical system is swinging side to side. It can be translated into a rotary motion (turning around in a circle) by a peg-and-slot. Rotary motion can be changed to oscillating motion by the same method. Oscillating Systems An oscillating system is an object that moves back and forth, repeatedly returning to its initial state after a period of time. At the equilibrium point, no net forces are acting on the object. This is the point in the pendulum swing when its in a vertical position. A constant force or a restoring force acts on the object to produce the oscillating motion. Variables of Oscillation Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point. If a pendulum swings one centimeter from the equilibrium point before beginning its return journey, the amplitude of oscillation is one centimeter.Period is the time it takes for a complete round trip by the object, returning to its initial position. If a pendulum starts on the right and takes one second to travel all the way to the left and another second to return to the right, its period is two seconds. ​Period is usually measured in seconds.Frequency is the number of cycles per unit of time. Frequency equals one divided by the period. Frequency is measured in Hertz, or cycles per second. Simple Harmonic Motion The motion of a simple harmonic oscillating system—when the restoring force is directly proportional to that of the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement—can be described using sine and cosine functions. An example is a weight attached to a spring. When the weight is at rest, its in equilibrium. If the weight is drawn down, theres a net restoring force on the mass (potential energy). When its released, it gains momentum (kinetic energy) and keeps moving beyond the equilibrium point, gaining potential energy (restoring force) that will drive it in oscillating down again. Sources and Further Reading Fitzpatrick, Richard. Oscillations and Waves: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019.  Mittal, P.K. Oscillations, Waves and Acoustics. New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishing House, 2010.

French Prepositions with Geographical Names

Deciding which French  preposition  to use with countries, cities, and other  geographical names  can be somewhat confusing, at least until now! This lesson will explain which prepositions to use and why. Gendered Nouns Like all French  nouns, geographical names like countries, states, and provinces have a  gender. Knowing the gender of each geographical name is the first step in determining which preposition to use. As a general guideline, geographical names which end in  e  are  feminine, while those that end in any other letter are masculine. There are, of course, exceptions which simply have to be memorized. See the individual lessons for explanations of the gender of each geographical name. Examples In English, we use three different prepositions with geographical names, depending on what we are trying to say. Je vais  en  FranceIm going  to  FranceJe suis  en  FranceIm  in  FranceJe suis  de  FranceIm  from  France However, in French numbers 1 and 2 take the  same  preposition. Whether you are going  to France or you are  in  France, the same preposition is used. Thus in French there are only two prepositions to choose from for each type of geographical name. The difficulty lies in knowing which preposition to use for a city vs a state vs a country.