In Cold Blood – the court case

Defendant of clutters: In today's case a young girl, named Susan, tells a story of how an innocent, well known family get murdered. In this plea for justice she describes the Clutter family as respectful, social and family oriented. The individual characters are described in a way that makes the jury feel the connection between them as a family , however the case also involves two individuals without whom we would not be here today- the murderers, Perry and Dick. If we compare the mannerisms in which the inspector (who examined the case) talks about the family and these two we acknowledge that Perry and dick are seen very negatively and given the label, killers! Whereas he talks about the clutters as though they were his family which then forces the jury to feel a connection to them and thus distance from the offenders; Perry and Dick. Firstly let's talk about the man of the family, Herb Clutter; a respected man among his society. Herb is recognised as a wealthy and successful man who earned his wealth and status rather than being given it. Being a family man meant that his family also respected him a lot, they would never dare to talk back to him. Mr Clutter was a perfectionist; he was brilliant at every task he dealt with making sure he worked to his full potential. In addition to his hard working attitude he was also a very social man; ‘his name was everywhere' suggesting he was widely known in his society. Moreover he was a good employer who never exploited his employees. Herb Clutter was a man of dignity and truth he never lied and he always stuck to the rules; ‘laws were laws'. Additionally he was an intellectual man who ‘majored in agriculture'. Knowing all this just makes the act of murdering him all the more sinister, suggesting that he was shown injustice and that the two responsible for the crime should pay the consequences. Later on the barrister mentions Herb's wife, Bonnie Clutter. He uses this member as a minor detail in the case; bonnie is not seen or thought of as very important in the story thus not mentioned as much. However when she is mentioned, she is described as a weak and unhealthy person -completely opposite to her husband. Your honour if we now take a look at herb clutter's wife's medical report we find that Bonnie Clutter suffers from depression which affects her health in many ways. She is also very timid and reclusive. Bonnie is a very different character to Herb as she is very unhealthy, both mentally and physically; ‘on and off psychiatric patient' as quoted by a valid source suggesting her constant illness. Being ill majority of the time does not help the fact that she may not be totally sane; ‘Do you like tiny things? , this question is not something that a mentally stable person would ask, also her tone of saying it would make her sound mentally unstable. Now what I would like to ask off mr. hickock and his ally is what pleasure did they gain room killing such a fragile thing? What enjoyment could they possibly have felt in committing the sin? Now your honour I would like to introduce you to a very special young lady, someone who wanted happiness, someone who helped everyone, someone who was inspiration to the town of Holcombe, someone who died a horrible death and that someone who is vital to this case†¦. Nancy Clutter, the daughter of Herb and Bonnie Clutter. We are told that Nancy is a 16yearold teenager who undergoes more responsibilities than an average teenage girl. She was pretty and likeable shown by the views of the citizens of Holcombe; ‘town darling' and ‘pretty girl'. Nancy made it her responsibility to cook for the family and too help the society as much as she could. Also she did all this willingly, ‘would have willingly'. As mature as Nancy was she was very respectful of her father, she would obey his every command and never talk back to him. Overall Nancy is seen as a very efficient and accomplished young lady who was never vain and hence i asked the question what did she do to deserve such torture? Let's not forget just before killing the innocent teenage girl the offender Mr. hickock had wanted to rape her. Luckily he was stopped but imagine the pain this girl must have endure having two strangers in her home causing harm to all the people she loved the most. This girl was only in her teens and her life ended their for her. Nancy clutter had so much potential and so much to give to the world, yet she wasn't even given the chance. This was all down to two killers with a greed for money and wealth and they are among us today†¦ Perry and Dick! Perry smith is proved to have a mind of a criminal; his desire for money suggests a certain criminal quality and his skill to be continually self aware allows him to be very manipulative. Consequently increasing the similarities between him and a criminal. There is no doubt that Perry committed this crime. Many have described him as a natural killer- without conscience. Perry is a short man- under the average height of a man of his age. Thus may feel the need to try harder to feel the characteristics of a man. Also Perry is an achoholic which totally goes against the one thing that Herb clutter would not endure. In addition Perry is a dreamer and has also been involved with the police in the past which suggests a huge contrast to herb as he would never go against the law. perry was seen to have said ‘ Cost me 30 bucks' which is clear evidence of his materialistic view and his love /desire for money. Nevertheless if we look closely at something that has been said regarding Perry,' a dictionary buff' we recognise that wishes to be intelligent and so he reads the dictionary in order for him to seem smart using complex vocabulary. However he does not show this through his actions. At a young age Perry also could not, for whatever reason, educate and this left him feeling neglected and unworthy, this maybe the reason for his life of crime but it does not excuse what he has done. If he wished to educate then he could have done other things to accomplish something with life, he had no excuse to lead the life he has. The last character Truman introduces is Perry's partner in the murder of the Clutters, Perry Hickock. Although this character may not be as successful as Herb Clutter, he was more accomplished than Perry. Dick was a 28 year old mechanic, who came from a descent background; he had been married and divorced twice and had three sons. Dick is created as more humorous and quick-witted than Perry- with more life in him. Truman Capote introduced this character to seem less devious than Perry; he did not seem like a criminal from his introduction. Although he was still distanced from the reader as the reader wanted to emphasise the death of the Clutters later in the book. He wanted the readers to form a pleasant view of the Clutter family before they died for the scene to seem more dramatic and to get the readers to sympathise more for the victims. The author of this book, Truman Capote, introduced the scenes , the characters and a little bit of the story in a way that allowed the reader to form a link ,whether it be negative of positive, between them and that of the characters.

Cell Phones

Cell phones should be permitted in classrooms for educational purposes. Having cell phones in an environment that is already geared towards learning opens the opportunity to teach safety and manners for the devices. Teachers can explain in detail to their students how to remain safe on the internet and how to utilize it to its fullest ability. This presents the ideal circumstances for addressing issues such as cyberbullying and online predators as well as how to avoid or properly deal with these topics. The school also can monitor and control what sites students may visit, and it protects them from off-topic or detrimental websites. In addition to safety, instructors may lead lectures on etiquette associated with these devices (http://www.schoolmoney.org). Using technology in the classroom is useful for recording and recalling information. Ken Halla found that his students turned in their homework more often when they were using their devices to remind themselves of their homework. By using the devices as reminders, the students were able to combat their forgetfulness and raise their grades as they had begun to complete their assignments (http://neatoday.org). Another teacher, Sherri Story, uses smart phones to administer group quizzes in which a total of six phones are used, so all the students get a chance to participate and work together. She finds that the students have all the information they need at their fingertips and can find answers that even she does not know almost immediately. The students can share notes and assignments that their classmates may have missed in a previous period, which allows the absent student just as much time to work on a given topic as his peers and no excuse for not completing assignments (https://pilotonline.com). Implementing a ‘Bring Your Own Device,' or ‘BYOD' policy can be cost-effective for schools that are underfunded. For schools that cannot afford many computers; laptops; or tablets, having students bringing in their own devices, even if they must be shared, saves the school from expending money that it does not have (http://neatoday.org). Additionally, a study, led by Joshua Littenberg-Tobias and Vincent Cho, showed that when students' devices were utilized for learning in Boston College, the teachers saw improvement in the learning abilities of their students (https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org). Because the use of technology has grown exponentially over the years, the quantity of educationally focused applications has grown. Apps, such as Remind101, are used to remind students of upcoming assignments while websites like Poll Everywhere can be used to determine what materials a class needs to review before assessments and what it does not. Other apps, such as dictionary or reference apps are quick and easy to use, cutting down on the time needed to search for information so that more time may be spent on learning (http://www.nea.org). Certain apps such as Kahoot are tailored to make learning in all subjects enjoyable, entertaining, and like a game, which helps some students learn better than simply sitting through a lesson without understanding (https://education.cu-portland.edu). Cellular devices may be used by children that would otherwise not ask for assistance. They may by utilized by disabled children to communicate with everyone else and give them a sense of normality. They may also be used by students who are too shy or nervous to ask for help in front of their entire class. These students may fear that they will be considered stupid if they ask for help, so the anonymity gives them the confidence they need to receive the additional attention they need. Moreover, when students are placed into groups to complete projects, none of them are singled out because they do not own a smartphone. All students in a group work together, using a single device (https://www.edutopia.org). Permitting cell phones in an academic setting would be a wise decision, despite its drawbacks, which are easily remedied.

Analysis of Sheet Music, Johann Sebastian Bach

Score analysis Many people are listening to music and enjoying music, but not everyone analyzes music to find more complex things like formal analysis and melody. However, by checking the music of these things, you can better understand the music. This makes people more appreciate music. Some of the best music analysis is classical music. This is because classical music has various levels and has been tested for many years. In this article I am examining Bach's preface to D Major - Fuga's work on background, formal elements, and cultural elements. Johann Sebastian Bach is the youngest eighth child of Johann Ambrosius Bach musician and Elizabeth Lemmerhirt. Rod Bach is known for his musicality in the early 16th century. Many of Johan Sebastian's ancestors were professional musicians. Meanwhile, churches, local governments, and aristocrats supported musicians, especially in Thuringia and Saxony. My father Bach lives and works in Eisenach. There are about 6,000 inhabitants in this city. John Ambrosius's work includes holding secular concerts and church music performances. John Sebastian Bach, born in Eisenach, Germany on March 21, 1685, is the youngest of the church organists John Ambrosius Bach and Elizabeth Ramel Bach. Bach's musician family can be traced back to 7 generations. This family is also a devout Lutheran (religion based on beliefs of faith, God forgives their sins). Bach accepted his father's violin course. He also has a beautiful voice and sings in the church choir. In 1694, his mother and father died within two months. At the age of 10, Johann Sebastian moved to Germany's Odrap and lived with his brother John Christophe, the organizer of St. Michael's Church. Johan Sebastian received his first instruction on keyboard instrument from him. Johann Sebastian Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, taught him how to play the violin and harp when he was a child. After his father and mother died within 9 months, John Sebastian lived with his younger brother John Christophe Bach. Organist John Sebastian studied the organ and harpsichord under his brother's supervision. John Christophe believes that his brothers will learn many compositions by copying the work so that they will copy Jacob Froberger, Johann Casper Kell, Pachelbel's work to J. Sebastian I asked. Then, when he became a member of Mettenchor (Mattins Choir), J. Sebastian can be learned at the music library of Luneburg Stadium.

3.Explain techniques that a law enforcement officer can use to modify Essay

3.Explain techniques that a law enforcement officer can use to modify the effects of stress - Essay Example Some of the effects of stress include, slow digestion, increasing heart rate, speeds up metabolism and blood pressure. An Officer likely to have the above named effects is a threat not only to the officer’s health, but to the public too (Williams, and Harris, 1998). A law enforcement officer may opt to use the slow and deep breathing technique. He/she should look for a comfortable and quite place with no distractions. The officer should locate one hand on the lower abdomen and the other on the upper chest. In using the lower hand, he/she should try to breath. After managing to breath, he/she should try to manage the rate of breathing by holding the breath. He/she should try out the exercise for several times until the body familiarizes with the practice. This is one way of fighting stress. It is a simple and mostly used to counteract effects of stress too (Williams and Harris, 1998). The muscle relaxation technique is also an option to modify the effects of stress. One should lie down in a comfortable place away from the noise. Then, shut the eyes and concentrate on breathing out slowly pausing a little before breathing again. Concentrate all the muscles in the left foot and hold for some seconds. Thereafter, release the muscle concentration after some time and do the same for the other foot. Later concentrate all the muscles in the left leg and relax, then repeat the same procedure in the right leg. The process should be carried out in every part of the body (Jacobson, 1938). For all kind of stress-related problems that any law enforcement officer faces, such as, muscle tension, depression, heart disease, digestive problems or chronic fatigue among other, it is certain that either of the two techniques must modify the effects of stress (Jacobson,

Tiers of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tiers of Rights - Essay Example The Supreme Court has over the years extended the fundamental rights to include right to marriage, right to contraception and also right to privacy (Smith 36). The Supreme Court uses a three-tier approach in determining the level of protection of each constitutional right. For instance, the strict scrutiny enables courts to reject any legislation that is not geared at fulfilling overriding government objective. The second tier is the intermediate scrutiny whereby the legislation must demonstrate a substantial societal interest such as extramarital affairs. The third scrutiny is a rational relationship test whereby the legislation must relate to legitimate government objective and must protect the specific constitutional rights. The upper tier constitutional rights include the fundamental rights safeguarded by constitution such as the right to freedom of association, freedom of worship, right to counsel and right against double jeopardy. Right to protection against unfair trial and cr uel punishments are also fundamental rights that form the first tier of constitutional rights (Fireside 34). ... In addition, the double jeopardy protection prohibits subsequent prosecution after the conviction, acquittal and multiple punishments for the same indictment. Accordingly, the constitutional right protects the accused from witnessing against himself since this may lead to self-incrimination (Smith 65). The right to protection against self-incrimination extends to custodial interrogation. The Fifth Amendment is clear that evidence obtained illegally cannot be admissible in prosecutions even when such evidence is obtained by torture of the accused. In the case of Miranda v, Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), Ernesto Miranda had been convicted for several charges including armed robbery, assault, attempted rape and burglary. In police custody, he had confessed to the crimes and the court found him guilty (Smith 50). However, after his appeal, the US Supreme Court ruled that his Fifth Amendment rights had been violated since the law enforcement authorities should have warned him of the right to remain silent or provide evidence in the presence of an attorney. In addition, the right to remain silent in criminal trials prohibits the government from punishing the defendant through allowing the prosecutor to assume the guilty of defendant. This was evidenced in the case of Griffin v. California, 380 U.S 609 (1965), when the Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional for California state to grant such powers to the jury and prosecutors (Vile 20). Conclusion In conclusion, constitutional rights are classified in to three tiers depending on the level of protection by the constitution. The right to fair trials in criminal charges is an upper tier constitutional right that is safeguarded

Brain Imaging Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Brain Imaging Technologies - Essay Example The variety of energies and specialties like radiology, medical physics, nuclear pharmacy, etc has led to hospitals and university research centers being called diagnostic imaging or radiology or the science of radiology. No name yet worked out is wholly satisfactory in the countenance of the vivid changes which have occurred, mainly in the last three or four decades. (Kuhn, 2004) The power of contemporary computers to allow the speedy display of sectional images of the body by means of technologies such as ultrasound, computed tomography scan, single-photon emission topography, positron emission topography or magnetic resonance imaging has been cardinal to the upbringing of the latest technologies. Nevertheless, an equally great change has been that encompassing the move of medical imaging from the laboratory to the living room. Many Decades ago what was then radiological science poked a restricted series of diagnostic information to a referring medical doctor apprehensive to resolve diagnostic ambiguity between the diseases potentially able to report for a patient's indicators. In the beginning of the this century, imaging technology is used not only to spot the abrasion, and to do so more effectively, but to direct the needle used in its biopsy; not only to recognize a blocked vessel but to guide its dilatation as well. FMRI AND PET Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is based on the boost in blood flow to the local vasculature that comes along neural activity in the brain. This result in a consequent local drop in deoxyhemoglobin because the augmentation in blood flow occurs without an amplification of similar magnitude in oxygen extraction. Thus, deoxyhemoglobin is every now and then is known as a contrast enhancing agent, and serves as the source of the signal for fMRI. Functional activity of the brain obtained from the magnetic resonance pointer has verified known anatomically dissimilar processing regions in the visual cortex, the motor cortex, and Broca's area of speech and language-related activities. Further, speedily rising bodies of research document communicate to findings between fMRI and usual electro-physiological methods to localize explicit functions of the human brain (Romanelli, 2004). Consequently, the number of medical and research centers with fMRI capabilities and investigational programs continues to shoot up. The major returns to fMRI as a technique to image brain activity related to a particular objective or sensory process says the the signal does not need doses of radioactive isotopes, the total scan time needed can be very less, i.e., on the order of 1.5 to 2.0 minutes per run (depending on the paradigm), and the in-plane resolution of the functional image is generally about 1.5 x 1.5 mm although resolutions less than 1 mm are likely. To put these pros in standpoint, functional images obtained by the earlier method of positron emission tomography, require doses of radioactive isotopes, multiple acquisitions, and therefore, longer imaging times. Additionally, the anticipated resolution of positron emission tomography images is much larger than the common functional magnetic resonance imaging pixel size. In addition, positron emission tomography usually requires that numerous individual brain images are joined in order to obtain a dependable

Voices for Abraham Lincolns Assassination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voices for Abraham Lincolns Assassination - Essay Example For Walt Whitman, he wrote an intensely emotionally driven poem entitled, O Captain! My Captain! which passionately expresses the author’s grief for the death of his captain, President Lincoln. Similarly, Frederick Douglass wrote a speech entitled Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, which he delivered at the unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument in Washington D.C. in memory of the deceased president on the 14th of April, 1876. The theme of his speech, like that of the article published in Harper’s Weekly, entitled The Murder of the President shared the same air of intense sorrow for the loss of a dear friend and father of the nation. The greatness and advocacy of the president were immortalized in the three written pieces, with the discussion not only of his convictions but also the actions he took to convey his seriousness in such matters. With a similar theme, the poem, speech, and report had stirred the emotions not only of American readers during that time b ut also both Americans and foreigners alike in this present age. The poem by Whitman strongly expresses the poet’s unbelief of the untimely death of the president who is nearing the witnessing of his victory in his fight for his beliefs. Douglass, on the other hand, appeals to the emotions of the white Americans to the remembrance of the man who fought for their rights and protected them in all his services as the president. He did this by talking about the passions of the late president and his dreams for the American people.  

Impact of social networking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Impact of social networking - Research Paper Example As a result, it was only selected few military officials who had access to it. Due to the security level required in military, it was initially kept as a secret. By this time, computers were not accessible to many persons, which remedied its fast expansion. In addition, very few people understood the machine language. To many people, sitting in front of a machine seemed isolation and was not welcomed. Preliminary stages The social networking gains its roots from the use of computer software referred to as Bulletin Board System, which ensured that the people had a chance to log in into the system. This program used a terminal program. By using the code, people were able to share files and information. The communication was done via telephone lines and managed by few technological conversant personnel who had passion in it. By that time, communication through telephone lines was free only for people living within town. As time passed by, people started gathering while accessing the ser vices, which slowly transformed the people’s perception of the system as antisocial. During 1970’s to early 1990’s, the system access points were fixed at specific points. Due to the technological advancement at the time, the users were allowed to share only limited type of information. The speed of the system was not that fast but good enough to meet the needs of the time. Another program that was crucial to the early development of the social communication network was CompuServe. This program was mainly used for business transactions. In the 1980,s, it expanded to be used by other persons other than businesspersons. The service allowed persons to share files and information irrespective of their location. In addition, People were able to access different discussions undertaken by other persons and participate. This was a breakthrough in technology as very few people had an idea of it becoming a reality. This brought forth the advent of emails. American online (AOL) also played a significant in the continuous improvement of social networking. It provided a platform where one could search for other persons. This feature was very outstanding which attracted more people into the social networking. Internet Boom The internet came to boom in mid-1990’s. This enabled persons to create their profiles as well as search for different persons such as schoolmates online though social networks such as Classmates.com. Another social networking network operational at the boom of the internet was SixDegrees.com. This network allowed members to create profiles as well as share different materials. Due increase their membership numbers, the members were asked to bring more persons. As time passed by, the security of the network was compromised reducing loyalty by the members that eventually led to its collapse at the start of the twenty first century. Other numerous sites such as Asianavenue.com, BlackPlanet.com, and MiGente.com were developed in 1 990’s have thrived up to date. In the twenty first century, technological advancement helped emerging networking sites such as LinkedIn, MySpace, Friendster, and Facebook emerge and develop new strategies that have assisted them in getting very many members. These networks vary on their purpose with some integrating various aspects such as dating and normal chatting in their framework. Their graphical user interface and security levels have constantly been improving to offer safety for their customer’

Douglas Senatorial Debates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Douglas Senatorial Debates - Essay Example Lincoln was prophetic in leading the nation to the Civil War until attaining the basic privileges for Black. Firstly, the presence of good people to be governed is an important requirement of a strong government; the second condition is the availability of efficient and effective people who can rule over a mass population without any discrimination or bias; and further for easy and good governance, the government has to develop right qualities, values and skills in its people (â€Å"Good government†). Everyone must have equal opportunities to bring out one’s full potential. Disparity in treatment cannot be tolerated at any point of time. But the condition in America prior to the bloody civil war was really contradicting. Only a half of the population was regarded to be good people to be governed. The rest was not considered as citizens though their forefathers lived there even before the migration of the whites. The people who came to power were also in a disposition to treat them as aliens and slaves. The evidences of the prevalence of slavery even in the early half of the 17th century is available from the plantation economy of southern Virginia. Most importantly, slavery is considered to be the reason for American civil war. American civil wars mainly emerged from the southern part where the evil had been highly endemic. The issues that emerged prior to the civil war were due to the sectional conflict over the slavery issues. The southern part of America was always prospering while the north was in misery. It is the occupants of the north who strongly opposed slavery. As Elliot points out, slavery badly affected the general education in America. While the white people had quality education; the colored and the slave who constituted vast majority of the population was deprived of it. The deprived population was not aware of their rights until some of them got educated. Moreover, the principle upon which the relation between the master and the sl ave was entirely in conflicting with the principles of a free government (117-118). The mass population under slavery and harassment were much need of a new framework that would provide them a better say in all the spheres of the government. As Nosotro points out, subsequent to the emergence of two sections and conflicts in opinions, anti slavery societies were formed in North America and revolutionaries raised their voice publically against the cruelties and injustices inflicted on the colored; and in northern America, many religious groups tried for the abolition of slavery, for they could not agree with the idea of owning a person by another. They published newsletters propagating the idea of prohibiting slavery and giving freedom to the blacks. At this juncture, the downtrodden blacks realized that it was the right time for a combined rebellion. In a country where democratic principles are followed, every citizen has the right to take part in the parliamentary procedures. The pe ople’s rights are not determined on the basis of their caste or creed. Unless everyone is treated equally, there can be no good governance. The economical inequality between the Northern and the Southern states acted as another reason towards the sectional conflict. The states in the Northern part of America were industrially stronger. On the other hand, the Southern states were frequently depending on a single cotton crop. They

Punishment Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Punishment Strategies - Essay Example I believe that every child can learn and can excel, when provided the means to succeed. Through differentiated instruction, this can be achieved. I also believe that while developing their academic skills, teachers should help students develop their social skills. As a classroom, we will work together on developing a sense of respect for ourselves and others and a sense of responsibility. Students who follow our classroom rules will receive a ticket at the end of the day for each rule that they followed throughout the day. This way, each student can earn 3 tickets a day. These tickets can be traded in on Fridays for the following: Consequences 1st offense: verbal warning 2nd offense: silent lunch 3rd offense: owe 5 minutes of recess 4th offense: owe 10 minutes of recess and note home The first time that a student breaks a class rule, the student will be given a verbal warning and the teacher will remind the student of the rule that has been broken. The second time that a student brea ks the same rule, the teacher will remind the student of the rule and the student will be required to eat lunch without talking. The third time that a student breaks the same rule, the teacher will remind the student of the rule and the student will spend owe 5 minutes of recess to the teacher.

Dropping Out of One’s Future Essay Example for Free

Dropping Out of One’s Future Essay We need another series of milk cartons: one that shows the faces of students who drop out of school. After all, isn’t a kid who has dropped out of school a bit like a kid who has been kidnapped? The circumstances have more in common than one might imagine: there is a moment that finally comes during which one’s life is inexorably altered, and if that moment comes and no one is around to help, the consequences are life-long and most likely devastating. Whether one is taken by force and tossed into a van or one is removed by a force from the basic educational system of society, the result is still a kid whose life will never be the same. There are as many reasons for a student’s dropping out of school as there are for a criminal’s behavior, but ultimately, the reason a kid drops out comes down to one of three things: a lack of support, a lack of success, or a lack of money (â€Å"Youth Who Drop Out†). Educational success or failure is often a result of a support system or lack thereof, and no race, gender, or socio-economic group is immune; however, there is a common factor when it comes to evaluating the reasons behind students’ dropping out: â€Å"No one at home, at school or in the community had established relationships with [those who dropped out], set high academic expectations [or] given them the tools to achieve them† (â€Å"Youth Who Drop Out,† Sacchetti). It appears that those who lack a reliable support system are unable to stick with the rigors of school—rigors that are complicated by the mere act of growing from child to adolescent to adult. Trying and failing is no fun for anyone, and the constant pressure on students to perform based not a personal scale but a fixed one can be overwhelming. â€Å"Recent research suggests that, even for students who have difficult home lives, dropping out has much to do with [both] how schools operate and the educational experiences students have within them (Jerald 3). The relationship between a student’s success and his willingness to continue seems profound, and while there is no doubt that school is supposed to be challenging, the challenge is too great for some. This is a cyclical event: the student who does not understand something on Monday does not wake up on Tuesday understanding it; however, Tuesday comes, and so does more information built upon the prior day’s lesson. Now, the student who was behind one lesson is behind two (Jerald 5). There is a reason most students have a favorite subject along with one or more that they hate, and the reason is generally success-based. Money is perhaps the greatest threat to the continuation of an education, but ironically, it is also the biggest burden over the long-haul. Consider the student who lives at home, pays no rent, is responsible for no bills, and who suddenly gets a job. Even a minimum wage salary creates a false sense of financial security for that individual, and there are plenty of high school students who find work that pays a better wage. Suddenly, the new wage-earner considers just how much more he’d make working full time instead of part time, and because he has not had to budget realistically, it seems clear that the time he sits in a classroom is time wasted as he could be earning more money. Education professor Russell Rumberger of UC Santa Barbara found that, â€Å"A dropout earns an average of $18,826 a year, far less than the $27,280 a high-school graduate makes [. . . and] dropouts pay less in taxes and are more at risk of going on welfare, experiencing health problems or getting into trouble† (qtd. in Sacchetti). Students who lack a support system and who are not successful in school can easily become enthralled by the potential to make an amount of money that seems substantial at the age of sixteen. These students are not likely to consider the dead end they face later when the earning potential they have acquired isn’t sufficient, and lacking a support system, they are certainly unlikely to receive alternate advice. No one blames a kidnapping victim for behavior that might have resulted in the accosting; however, society is quick to judge those who drop out without taking the time necessary to evaluate whether or not the drop out simply didn’t get what she needed in terms of the life education—a type of learning that can’t always be taught in school. Works Cited Jerald, Craig D. â€Å"Identifying Potential Dropouts: Key Lessons for Building an Early Warning Data System: A Dual Agenda of High Standards and High Graduation Rates.† Achieve, Inc. June 2006. Carnegie Corporation of New York. 30 Sept. 2006. http://www. achieve. org/files/dropouts. pdf. Sacchetti, Maria. â€Å"Why Do Students Drop Out of School? † The Orange County Register. 31 Oct. 2004. 29 Sept. 2006. http://www. ocregister. com/ocr/2004/10/31/sections/news/ news/article_294717. php. â€Å"Youth Who Drop Out. † Focus Adolescent Services. 2000. 29 Sept. 2006. http://www. focusas. com/Dropouts. html.

“Self-Reliance” by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Self-Reliance† by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay In the essay entitled â€Å"Self-Reliance† written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, a clear and detailed account of how the author sees and defines self-reliance is presented in a classical manner of writing. The author has argued, through the different ideas he presented in his essay that non-conformity is important nowadays and the development of independent beliefs should be given attention by people. Likewise, the author has presented a view of how society is today using his own lenses, which means it came from his perspective. In defining what a genius is, Emerson mentioned that â€Å"to believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men† are characteristics that make a person a genius (p. 17). He has so much emphasis on the ability of men to create ideas of their own and reinforce this by believing in it is a source of one’s ingenuity. Related to this is the idea of self-reliance where one person maintains a persona perspective and abides by it. Where this warrants non-conformity, the author argues that it is permissible and is likewise considered as the most acceptable behavior to achieve self-reliance. Whatever the response of men may be towards a diversion away from the norm, then it is to be treated without malice or second thought for a person should believe more on himself/herself. This also directs the person away from relying on the thoughts of others. In addition to this, the author mentioned that great philosophers and influential people from the past has earned their positions in the society because they have expressed their ideas, believed in it, and reinforced it through their arguments. From the author’s point of view, the society of today has lost the ability to make use of knowledge and gain it through definite means. From his words, The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. He is supported on crutches, but lacks so much support of muscle. He has a fine Geneva watch, but he fails of the skill to tell the hour by the sun. (Emerson 29). In this sense, the men of today has been given the right tools for their needs but has lost the traditional means of acquiring knowledge. More so, information for them has been based so much on what they have built for themselves and less on relying on their own abilities to answer and solve daily problems. Apparently today, the availability of automatic technologies has paved the way for the society’s failure in developing people to rely on their own faculties and knowledge to respond to situations. From a personal point of view, the definition of self-reliance should take on the present circumstances which the societies are made to face. Today, people could be self-reliant through developing their own faculties and progressing through their careers using their own abilities and their own efforts. The hard-work of the people is an important aspect of self-reliance in today’s world because of the competition from each and every individual for the scarcity of resources and opportunities. Reliance on one’s own self in achieving heights would have to be developed through education, which has within its purpose the honing of faculties throughout the lifetime of individuals. Nonetheless, education would also have to be based on the own efforts of the individual as he/she climbs through the educational ladder. As one progresses and educates the self, one has to take into consideration the need to generate ideas and be critical of the facts presented. The academe actually serves as the training ground where the student hones the skills required in order to present self-generated ideas and facts and stand by these. More so, people should become self-reliant in terms of their relationship with other people. While it is good to listen to criticisms and ideas of other people, one should dare to stand up for their own opinion whether this may be in opposition to what the status quo wants. It could be remembered that change is among the constant things in this world and as people dare to make a change, they also wanted to stand up and be different from what the majority wants. Definitely, there are criticisms that are to be met and arguments from different groups and individuals. This is inevitable for they have their own judgment and perception of the world as they see it that leads to a clash of ideas. Moreover, there are social controls in the society that sometimes inhibit people from becoming self-reliant. These social controls tend to keep people in groups and rely on one another and when one wishes to be self-reliant, an individual should be prepared for the consequences attached to these social controls. Thus, people are able to become self-reliant because of the belief they have in the things they could do and in the knowledge they have. From experience, there is no harm in trying the beliefs enclosed in becoming self-reliant because of the experience it brings and the possible outcome of the action. It will further nourish the character of the person and encourages the people to make their own personal contributions from their own faculties. Thus, in becoming self-reliant, people have to be able to generate ideas of their own through education, stand by these and make good use, and be able to accept the consequences for their actions. Being self-reliant would make an individual capable of living in today’s society with the several challenges posed on being individualistic and relying on one’s own self. Work Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Essays: First and Second Series. Stilwell, KS: Digireads. com Publishing, 2007.

Balanced Scorecard In Hsbc Bank Accounting Essay

Balanced Scorecard In Hsbc Bank Accounting Essay CHAPTER 1 In the past decades, many organizations were facing intensive pressures for changes in strategies and structures without a proper human resource management and performance management model (Weng, 2011). It has been a challenge to many managers to measure and appraise their human capital with an increasing and constantly changing volume of employees across the organization at different levels as well as across different geographic locations with high consistency and standards. Therefore, it is crucial that organizations have a strategic management tool. Much debate has been taken to find the most effective way of measuring not only a companys financial performance but also how the company satisfies its customers and employees (Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). Then in 1992, Kaplan and Norton introduced a BSC model. Their concept of BSC has opened a new field in the literature of management control (Franco and Bourne, 2003). Since then, BSC has been an interesting topic that many academic authors choose to write. The reasons why the researcher is interested to write about BSC are as following. First, it is essential that performance measurement be of great significance to an organization, playing as a tool in conveying the companys strategies to individuals objectives (Smith and Kim, 2005). Drucker (1954) also highlighted that all employees, from a big boss to a junior clerk, should have personal performance objectives that aligns strongly to the companys strategy. Therefore, the application of BSC really helps organizations to depict such objectives evidently. According to Kocakulah and Austill (2007), when structural changes and job specifications become more complex, it is required to develop a methodology and formula that can align the organizational strategies and main principles with performance measurement and management indicators. Kaplan and Norton (1992, cited in Kaplan, 2010) recognized that any comprehensive measurement and management system has to link operational performance improvements to customer and financial performance. Second, BSC was presented as the most practical and comprehensive performance measurement model and has then become a popular strategic tool amongst managers all over the world (Sanayei et al., 2011). In recent years, the BSC has been a comprehensive model when looking at management issues for financial and non-financial purposes and has been very popular as it attracts a lot of attention (Norreklit, 2000). It has been widely used by many companies and has gained worldwide acceptance as a useful tool for management. From 1992 to 2000, more than 200 companies adopted the BSC method (Kaplan and Norton, 2001 cited in Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). In 2001, David Norton estimated that about 50 percent of large organizations in the United States were using the BSC, about 45 percent in Europe; and about a third of the large organizations in Australia used the BSC (Weber et al., 2001 cited in Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). Another recent study by Bain Company indicated that 57 percent of fir ms worldwide use the balanced scorecard, including 75 percent of large firms and 64 percent of firms in North America (Rigby and Bilodeau, 2005). The Harvard Business Review in 1997 listed it as one of the 75 most influential ideas of the 20th century (Bible et al., 2006). Apparently, BSC  has become the leading strategic management system of the 21st century. Organizations use the scorecard to create an entirely new performance management framework that puts strategy at the centre of key management processes and systems (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Third, BSC has been chosen by many financial and banking institutions as a key to achieving a successful execution of their strategic plans (Frigo et al., 2000), whereas Aranda and Arellano (2010) stated that it is for strategic development and performance measurement. As a result, BSC was chosen by HSBC Bank to put into use in its early stage of starting business in Vietnam. Throughout all these stages, BSC has always been used at all levels as (i) a strategic tool to connect organizational goals with 1500-employees targets and (ii) a standard performance measurement system to drive individual performance, evaluate their achievements and create values (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). HSBC Bank, a member of HSBC Holdings Group, is one of the worlds largest financial institutions and the biggest foreign bank in Vietnam. It established the first full-service branch in Ho Chi Minh City in 1995 and then expanded to 17 branches and offices across the nation. It strategically focuses on Premier Centers with a purpose of delivering world-class international services to high-profile customers. Currently there are one Premier Centre in Hanoi (the North) and one in Ho Chi Minh City (the South) (HSBC Vietnam, 2012) serving a number of 6,000 Premier customers. Forth, the role of BSC in HSBC has been strongly recognized by either employees or managers at all levels. At Group and business level, it supports the implementation of the business strategy, ensuring that all aspects that contribute to its success are taken into account. At a team level, it helps managers align their objectives with those of the business and focus their efforts and resources on what is most relevant. Individually, it helps an employee understand how her/his work links with and affects the success of the organization (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). The effects of performance measurement and management at HSBC Vietnam have been evaluated through surveys conducted bank-wide to collect employees feedback and response. Such surveys then supported managements strategic analysis and improvement plan (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). However, there has been little empirical research into whether the balanced scorecard actually works in practice (Neely, 2008). Moreover, as pointed out by Hung-Yi Wu (2012), most of the BSC-related studies have focused mainly on performance measures rather than the causal relationships between key performance indicators for the purpose of strategy implementation. This is the first time a research is conducted in HSBC (Vietnam) Ltd. at a more focused level with specific attributes directly related to individual BSCs perspectives and potential relationships as well as their impacts. Accordingly, the author chooses to study on the below topic: BALANCED SCORECARD IN HSBC BANK (VIETNAM) LTD. PREMIER CENTERS: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS 1.2. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The initial purpose of this study is to gain further understanding of BSC and its role as a performance management tool in an organization. Many studies by Gates (1999), Lingle and Schiemann (1996) suggested that organizations managed through balanced performance measurement systems perform better than those that are not. Therefore, the research can help figure out positive results on a specific organization using the scorecard to support those ideas. Besides, it will serve as a guide to business strategy planning. According to Davis and Albright (2004) and Littler et al. (2000), banks can save an enormous amount of time and money if they understand which measures, financial or non-financial, are best suited to their needs. As such, it is expected that the study can indicate whether the current BSC applied in HSBC is ideal in a way that an appropriate mix of performance drivers and outcome measures has been tailored to the business units strategy (Frigo et al., 2000). In addition, the study reemphasizes the important role and positive effects of BSC on an organizations strategy implementation. As mentioned by Hung-Yi Wu in his 2012 work, banking institutions must develop an effective way to align their strategies with corporate goals based on performance analyses if they are to sustain their competitive advantages. Such effective way is recommended to be the BSC model, which is proved to be a useful and efficient tool in communicating organizations goals and targets to all bank staff and in performance measurement (Bible, et al., 2006). Moreover, the research is to identify good points related to BSC in both academic publications and real-world experiences of an organization. Apart from that, the research helps the author and readers analyze the difference of BSC from theoretical to practical perspectives based upon feedback of surveyed employees. Accordingly, it is good to understand how BSC has been adapted and implemented in the context of HSBC in Vietnam, which is, as pointed out by Burney and Swanson (2010), integral to the development of systems that will effectively obtain organizational goals. The research will definitely give more insights of the banks BSC implementation process and effectiveness. Furthermore, the research will reveal HSBC employees satisfaction level and specific feedback on the banks BSC system and increase understanding of its strategic link and potential relationships between BSC measures in practice. It allows the business to stay competitive and profitable (Zeng and Zhao, 2005) in sustainable development. However, apart from the positive effects of BSC on HSBCs execution of strategy, the research also helps to figure out some gaps and areas for attention and improvement that will be analyzed in the following chapters. In case its results are appreciated and draw the attention of higher management then it can make further contribution to the development and acknowledged effectiveness of BSC in HSBC Vietnam. This article may help the management to focus on the need to complete the implementation of BSC system to maximize its benefits and minimize the negative effects. The disclosure of the shortcomings, if any, is crucial as it will entice organizations to search for measurement systems that support them better in the challenging business environment (de Waal and Counet, 2009). With these above reasons, the author strongly believes that the topic Balanced Scorecard in HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. Premier Centers: positive and negative effects will help the readers get more into the research. 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS According to Varkevisser, Pathmanathan Brownlee (2003), the objectives of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study. It is advised by Ababa (2005) that if specific objectives are properly formulated, they will facilitate the development of research methodology and will help to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation and utilization of data. Therefore, these objectives should be closely related to the research problem (Saunders et al., 2009). Furthermore, objectives should be logical, coherent, feasible, realistic and considering local conditions as well as being defined in operational terms that can be measured and phrased to clearly meet the purpose of the study (Ababa, 2005). With the topic: Balanced Scorecard in HSBC Vietnam Ltd. Premier Centers: positive and negative effects, six objectives of the study are determined as following. To understand the concept of BSC and its perspectives as a performance measurement tool, To identify positive and negative effects of BSC in HSBC Vietnam, To measure if HSBC BSC model is different compared to an ideal model, To evaluate the relationship between employee understanding of the organizations objectives with a well-performing organization, To analyze the causal relationships (if any) amongst four perspectives of BSC, and To identify the weakest one of the four perspectives to improve. With these research objectives, the study is to be conducted to clearly answer the questions relevant to the topic as below. What is the Balanced Scorecard and its four components? What are HSBC BSC positive and negative effects? What is an ideal BSC model and what is HSBC BSC compared to it? How do HSBC employees understand the organizations objectives and its relationship with a well performing organization? Are there any relationships amongst four perspectives? Which one among the four perspectives needs more focus? 1.4 BOUNDARY OF THE STUDY Due to the limitation of time and scope of work, this research only focuses on a small group of employees, hereinafter mentioned as those working at two Premier Centers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, but not extended to the entire number of about 1500 employees bank-wide. Two Premier Centers have a number of 60 staff including Premier Center Managers, Sales Managers, Relationship Officers, Services Managers, Services Assistants, Counter Officers and tellers. As such, the findings and results are only representative of part of the real figures and possibly not completely accurate. In addition, the research is only conducted at employees level or a single group of employees point of view rather than on the senior managements stand point, then there will be some imbalanced justifications and explanation after the survey. It is hoped that once the research methodology is proved to be trustworthy enough to the representative sample, it will be supported to apply to the whole bank with full participation of employees at all levels including senior managers to get a broader view and more precise results. 1.5 OUTLINE STRUCTURE This paper consists of five main chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction This 2389-word section is an introduction to the research, serving as an explanatory background to what leads the author to the chosen topic and why to choose the topic. In addition, it is followed by a brief summary of significance of the study and key issues that the research work intends to address. The scope of study is also included in the first chapter in order to narrow the boundary and put the focus on the research area. Chapter 2: Literature Review This 4836-word chapter is the theoretical background of the study focusing on the relevant literature and theories on performance measurement, balanced scorecard and its perspectives. It helps to demonstrate an understanding of the research topic and its surrounding content. At this stage, it is important to critically review many academic authors points of view on the research topic and related issues. From those literatures, specific hypotheses are developed as a foundation to start the research. Chapter 3: Methodology In this part, the research philosophy, strategy, method and approach used in this study are described. It also presents the process of gathering data, sampling method, implementation of questionnaires and techniques of analysis. Some ethical issues when conducting this research in a banking organization like HSBC are also mentioned. 3836 is the number of words in this chapter. Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion This section outlines the findings and results of information collection at HSBC as conducted in chapter 3. Feedback from its employees will be revealed through a list of figures and tables. The proposed hypotheses will be further discussed based on the results. There are 3897 words for this chapter. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This is a summary of the main conclusions of this research and feasible recommendations to the research issues. Some limitations and suggestions for next researches are also included. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter will cover the literature on performance measurement, strategy map, balance scorecard and its role in aligning organizational goals to the strategy. By studying related literature on BSC, it is seen that BSC really plays a significant role in the success of an organization and that it helps to measure the success of the strategy (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Schneiderman (1999) stated that balanced scorecards that did not have a sound foundation would fail. Therefore, this chapter will summarize the positive and negative effects of BSC collected from many studies and elaborate hypotheses to predict the effects of BSC in practice of a specific organization. Additionally, it is learnt from this chapter that the four perspectives of BSC are inter-related, and that even though financial results are very important, delivering long term value and success will require a focus on non-financial factors including high performing people, efficient processes and effective customer serv ices (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). The following part is related conceptualization on the research content. 2.2 Performance Measurement 2.2.1 Definition Performance measurement is defined by Lebas (1995) as a system by which a company monitors its daily operations and evaluates whether it is attaining its objectives. Meanwhile, Lichiello and Turnock (1999) define it as the selection and use of quantitative measures of capacities, processes, and outcomes to develop information about critical aspects of activities, including their effect on the public. Basically, it is considered part of a performance management system (Sanayei et al., 2011) and is set aligned with the organizations strategy. According to Hronec (1993), performance measurement system is a tool for balancing multiple measures (cost, quality, and time) across multiple levels (organization, processes and people). While it was suggested by Green et al. (1991) to target the value-added activities of the company, Kaplan (1991) suggested that an effective performance measurement system should provide timely, accurate feedback on the efficiency and effectiveness of operations. In fact, organizations always plan to build an effective tool to help them manage the performance and well achieve the targets. 2.2.2 The role of performance measurement According to Christian C. Johnson (2007), it is important to understand why measuring an organizations performance is both necessary and vital. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ An organization operating without a performance measurement system is like an airplane flying without a compass, a Formula One race car driver guiding his car blindfolded, or a CEO operating a company without a strategic planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The purpose of measuring performance is not only to know how a business is performing but also to enable it to perform better. The ultimate aim of implementing a performance measurement system is to improve the performance of an organization so that it may better serve its customers, employees, owners, and stakeholders. Basically, a performance measurement system enables an enterprise to plan, measure, and control its performance according to a pre-defined strategy (Johnson, 2007). Many authors including Atkinson and McCrindell (1997), De Toni and Tonchia (2001), as cited in Pongatichat and Johnston (2008), have identified its benefits as a tool to (i) communicate the organizations strategic direction, strategic priorities, (ii) create a shared understanding, (iii) monitor and track the implementation of strategy, (iv) align short-term actions with long-term strategy, (v) make clear the links between performance of individuals and sub-units, and sub-units and overall organizational performance, (vi) promote integration among various organizational processes, (vii) focus change efforts, and (viii) facilitate organizational learning. 2.2.3 Different performance measurement models Many researches on banking performance measurement used traditional measures like statistical analysis (Arshadi Lawrence, 1987; Devlin Gerrard, 2005), structural equation models (SEM) (Collier, 1995), multi-criteria classification methodology (PARCLAS) (Kosmidou et al., 2006) and DEA (Giokas, 2008). In the meantime, Wu et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2008), and Meyer and Markiewicz (1997) chose to adopt the four BSC perspectives, including both financial and non-financial indicators. In their 1992 work, Kaplan and Norton also described performance measurement as a way to review an organizations financial and non-financial goals. Figure 2.1 summarizes the selection indicators of banking performance measurement that have been investigated in several important studies, along with their main analytical methods (Wu et al., 2011). According to Weber et al. (2001) and Bible et al. (2006), traditional measures no longer worked effectively because those measures relied so strongly on financial indicators and did not sufficiently cover other critical factors like skills, competencies, and motivation of employees; customer and supplier relationships; innovative product development; databases and information technologies; efficient and responsive operating processes; innovation in products and services; customer loyalty and relationships; and political, regulatory, and societal approval. Meanwhile, the BSC can cover all these measures in a more specific and appropriate way that supports management in implementing organizational goals.

Merciless Dogs :: essays research papers

Ever wonder why politicians are merciless dogs? Of course you have. Well, here's the answer. Machiavelli's classic text on acquiring and maintaining political power laid the foundation for modern politics, for better or for worse, and remains its bedrock. Machiavelli was an Italian patriot and a long-time member of the Italian hierarchy as a sort of political consultant, having been recently ejected from his position when he wrote this manual. Italy was then in a turbulent political situation, seemingly under attack from all quarters, and very unstable. The author wrote this treatise and sent it to Lorenzo Medici -- the Prince, as it were, who was ultimately responsible for Machiavelli's dispension. Such a loyal patriot was our good author that he actually wrote this book and sent it to him as a gift. Well, what does it contain? Just about everything that anyone would want to know about how to acquire political power, and how to keep it. Machiavelli covers just about every conceivable situation: how to rule a brand new land colonly, or one that has been taken over; how a Prince should bear him or herself; how they should keep faith; how to maintain their army; how to keep tabs on the commoners and the nobles, and much more. He includes many maxims and principles that have been taken up time and time again in the nearly 500 years since the publication of this slim volume. One need only look at the current political landscape to see just how inudated these principles have become in the political philosophies of our world leaders, e.g., Machiavelli's idea that it is better to go to war on your enemy's turf before they come to your own, in order to minimize losses, and his famous statement that it is better to be feared than to be loved -- but try your best not to be hated. Many have condemned the ideas and principles contained herein because they eschew moral and ethical standards in deference to pragmatic political gain. Well, wake up, folks. Politics is a dirty game and always has been. It is viscious, ruthless, and takes no prisoners -- a truly dog-eat-dog world. It is not for the faint of heart. Machiavelli tried to tell us this 500 years ago; it's about damn time we started listening. The writing style used in the book is very, very simple, and it is extremely short. Merciless Dogs :: essays research papers Ever wonder why politicians are merciless dogs? Of course you have. Well, here's the answer. Machiavelli's classic text on acquiring and maintaining political power laid the foundation for modern politics, for better or for worse, and remains its bedrock. Machiavelli was an Italian patriot and a long-time member of the Italian hierarchy as a sort of political consultant, having been recently ejected from his position when he wrote this manual. Italy was then in a turbulent political situation, seemingly under attack from all quarters, and very unstable. The author wrote this treatise and sent it to Lorenzo Medici -- the Prince, as it were, who was ultimately responsible for Machiavelli's dispension. Such a loyal patriot was our good author that he actually wrote this book and sent it to him as a gift. Well, what does it contain? Just about everything that anyone would want to know about how to acquire political power, and how to keep it. Machiavelli covers just about every conceivable situation: how to rule a brand new land colonly, or one that has been taken over; how a Prince should bear him or herself; how they should keep faith; how to maintain their army; how to keep tabs on the commoners and the nobles, and much more. He includes many maxims and principles that have been taken up time and time again in the nearly 500 years since the publication of this slim volume. One need only look at the current political landscape to see just how inudated these principles have become in the political philosophies of our world leaders, e.g., Machiavelli's idea that it is better to go to war on your enemy's turf before they come to your own, in order to minimize losses, and his famous statement that it is better to be feared than to be loved -- but try your best not to be hated. Many have condemned the ideas and principles contained herein because they eschew moral and ethical standards in deference to pragmatic political gain. Well, wake up, folks. Politics is a dirty game and always has been. It is viscious, ruthless, and takes no prisoners -- a truly dog-eat-dog world. It is not for the faint of heart. Machiavelli tried to tell us this 500 years ago; it's about damn time we started listening. The writing style used in the book is very, very simple, and it is extremely short.

Patents are Essential to the Modern World Essays -- Intellectual Prope

Patents are Essential to the Modern World A patent is the public disclosure of the invention and the best way of practicing the invention, in exchange for the rights to that information for a set period of time - twenty years. A patent permits its owner to exclude members of the public from making, using, or selling the claimed invention. This type of arrangement is a necessity for any type of scientific work. It allows other people to share in the ideas that have been thought and utilized by a company and/or individuals so that research is not unnecessarily performed twice. This is beneficial to the owner of the intellectual property (IP) so that financial reward can be obtained, and knowledge can be freely publicized for others thereby not inhibiting the progression of technology and science. This is a necessary step in the flow of scientific information so that the entire system remains efficient. The patent is a great way for protecting an inventor’s idea however there are some conditions attached to the granting of a patent. These are in relation to the use and history of the invention. The criteria that need to be met are that the invention is ‘Novel’, ‘non-obvious’ and commercial utility. The invention also has to work (be reproducible) and can not have been published publicly at any event prior to the filing of a patent. These factors need to be assessed before an application for a patent is filed. The patent is the most powerful method available to the owner of IP because it offers the most comprehensive cover, along with the most options in the ways that the idea can make money for the persons involved. Other means of protection are quite feeble in comparison to the patent, for example ... ... company. Or they are supplied with an annual crop which can only be used once, as it produces sterile seeds, and therefore they would have to purchase the same invention many times over simply due to a lack of money. This ensures rewards are passed on to the inventors of the invention. This is good in a commercial sense and enables quick progression of commercial products. It is also good in a way of freedom of research information. However the end user might not always be as well off as they could be. Overall the use of patents is an essential step in the commercialization of any product in the modern scientific environment. It is a method of trying to reduce the doubling up of research and ensuring the correct people are paid for the inventions. It is essential that some basic rules are followed and every idea is scrutinized by an application process.

Steve Huey :: essays research papers

Omaha, AR(DE)- Amazingly the act to end one’s life ultimately saved it. "Steve Huey" was suffering from an inoperable and fatal brain tumor. Doctors had given him only two months to live, so Huey decided to end It sooner rather than face the pain. He wrote a suicide note and then placed the gun to his head and shot. Later, friends found him on the floor in a pool of blood. They called the ambulance and within hours, Huey was up and walking around. "His sense of humor was amazing, but even more amazing is his luck," remarked his doctor. The chances of him shooting out his brain tumor are 254 million to one. The bullet missed all of the vital parts of the brain and shot out the tumor. Friends and family have urged Huey to put his luck to good use and buy lots of lottery tickets. "I tell him everyday ‘go buy a lottry ticket’ and ‘go bet on a horse’, but he just won’t do it. Sometimes he can be so stubborn," said a close friend. Doctors are cautioning to other terminal patients not to try what Huey did. They say there is no way that they help themselves, they will harm themselves severely. Huey is currently writing a book and is planning a national book signing tour. Also in the works, a movie and a sitcom based on his story. "I am a very lucky guy and I plan to turn this mirale into some serious cash for myself," said Huey in an exclusive interview. An auction is also in the works that will sell the gun, the hosptal bill, and the tumor itself. Any collector will love to own this tumor and should be willing to spend lots of money for it," added Huey. Ice Cream Filled Grand Canyon Mexico City, Mexico(DE) - At the annual conference for the American Citizens For A Better Grand Canyon Group (ACFABGCG), attendees decided that the only way to attract more people to the Grand Canyon would be to fill the natural woder with ice cream. Twenty millions gallons of ice cream will be needed to maintain a full level everyday. It is hoped that this will help Arizona's ice cream manufacturing plants and a fee will also be passed for anyone that looks at the Grand Canyon. In other Grand Canyon developments, a vote narrowly failed to build an amusement park at the bottom under all the ice cream.

African American Literature Essay

African American literature has a strong deeply rooted background in the history of America, thus giving the writers categorized in this genre a strong message to convey in any story they chose to tell. From tragic life moments to happy life moments, the writers have the ability to tell their story in a variety of methods. This canon of literature serves as a diary for the African American community. All of the literary works that compile this genre reflect the many twists and turns a collective group of persons must endure while struggling to achieve a place in history. The following discussion of three historically significant African American stories reflects the struggles one race of persons had to endure on their journey throughout various time periods in America. The Short Stories In the short story, My White Folks Treated us Good by Mariah Hines the author describes in first person account of a situation when African American slaves were treated well in comparison to the stories of abuse, rape, and neglect most persons are accustom to reading from this era. The slaves never went hungry, always had clothes to wear, were able to work under their own accord, always treated with respect, and were told to take Sundays off while also being encouraged to attend church on Sundays. The slaves were in fact treated so well that when they were free to leave, they choose to remain at their former master’s farm and continued working for him. Hines concluded the Master continued to support his former slaves. Hines stated â€Å"Master helped us much as he could. Some of us he gave a cow or mule or anything he could spare to help us (p. 34). † Moving forward in time, the short story Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston describes a situation of domestic abuse in a long term relationship between a wife, Delia Jones, and her husband, Sykes Jones. Sykes enjoyed torturing Delia, he would find ways to make her job as a washwoman more difficult by kicking the clothes across the room or by scaring her with ways related to her fear of snakes. Sykes enjoyed fighting; he in fact enjoyed it so much so that he intentionally picked fights with Delia. This type of torture strained their marriage to the point of near silence on a daily basis. Sykes thought it to be a good idea to bring a rattlesnake into their home. The rattlesnake got lose in the home, Delia was able to get outside the home but Sykes remained in the home and was attacked in their bedroom. Sykes yelled to Delia for help and comfort, but she was unable to come to him related to fear. Delia finally walked to the door, but due to the nature of his injuries and the distance to the doctor she understood he would not make it through this attack, therefore she allowed him to pass in their backyard. â€Å"She could scarcely reach the chinaberry tree, where she waited in the growing heat while inside she knew the cold river was creeping up and up to extinguish that eye which much known by now that she knew (p. 108). † This story shows how those who choose to abuse others always pay for those actions in the end. Alice Walker wrote the story Nineteen Fifty-Five, about a young white singer, Traynor, who purchased a song from a young African American woman, Gracie Mae, and went on to become famous after recording and releasing his own version. His version of Gracie Mae’s song continued to eat away at Gracie Mae for the rest of her life. It did not have the same meaning, nor was it loved by his fans for the same reasons she hoped it would be. The fans loved Traynor, not the song. Traynor continued to keep in contact with Gracie Mae throughout his time in the army, touring, marriages, and divorces. Then towards after many years, contact stopped and Traynor was found dead after 15 wives and a troubled road in the end. Gracie Mae lived vicariously through Traynor and his portrayal of her song. Gracie Mae herself lived quite happily through the birth of many children, the divorce and/or death of three husbands, the showering of gifts from Traynor, and his ultimate death. Gracie Mae did have a connection to Traynor that flowed deeper than her song. â€Å"One night I dreamed Traynor has split up with his fifteenth wife p. 297). † Due to the stereotypes and prejudices of this time period Gracie Mae and Traynor were never able to express the emotional connection they felt between each other. Common Literary Conventions Literary conventions and themes were similar in the stories; connotations, culture, undertones, and main characters were alike. The three stories were written in first person and portrayed a personal struggle endured by each main character. The main character was always female, strong, and independent in different way. The stories span three different periods of time, yet still reflecting similar struggles in very different settings. These conventions are important when connecting the messages of these stories. Each has a story of struggle, some are internal while others are outward, and each woman must find inner strength to change or cope with their situations. Beginning with My White Folks Treated us Good, this story was historically important in relation to conveying the happiness that could be found in such a dire situation as slavery. Hines showed not all slavery conditions were adverse or abusive; there was still the possibility of enjoying life, and gaining independence by getting the break needed, such as the freeing of all slaves, to make one’s own life better. In Sweat, Hurstson was able write a story about a woman able to persevere in a dreadful situation of both mental and physical abuse. During this time in history, women were not able to be independent and outspoken due to a fear of judgment or increased abuse. Delia was given the chance to be free from the abuses of Sykes and took that chance by allowing him to die from his injuries, thus resulting in her freedom. Following in the same suit, Nineteen Fifty-Five expressed the internal struggle of a woman’s desire to be understood and independent. Gracie Mae wanted to sing her own song and live her own life, without connection to a version of her song that did not represent the original intent. Gracie Mae was happy with her life, but was never free from what the release of her song brought to her life. Conclusion Culturally, these stories are important to all American’s. The historical significance of these stories and the emphasis on equality places a connotation of acceptance and availability of equal opportunity to all persons regardless of color, social class, age, race, gender, or personal situation. African Americans are able to tell their personal stories of struggles and triumphs through literature. This literature is a valuable tool for all persons wanting to educate themselves about significant times in American history. References Young, A. (1996). African American Literature: A brief Introduction and Anthology. New York, New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.

President Andrew Jackson Vetoes Bank Bill

Ernesto Hernandez Rodriguez deacon Orr Economics October 9, 2012 President Andrew Jackson Vetoes avow BillJuly 10, 1832 President Andrew Jackson blackb wholly against the depository financial institution bill is truly a communication to coitus but it is in any case like a political manifesto. He states that the privileges possessed by the swan are unauthorized by the writing, subversive of the salutarys of the states, and unsafe to the liberties of the race. In McCuloch v Maryland, the court move to the necessary and proper clause which grants sex act upon enumerated spots which include the advocator to regulate request taxes.President Jackson explains the necessity in regards to the functions that the cashbox is trying to fulfill The degree of its necessity, involving all the details of a avowing institution, is a motility exclusively for legislative consideration (Jackson). It is non question for the judicial department. As give tongue to in the Constitution t he wizard that has the patronage to determine what is necessary in cases where the police is not prohibited or unfeignedly calculated, is the legislative department. President Jackson gives study points in describing the reason why the bank was not necessary and proper.At setoff the bank was established by Congress because of the power to determine what was necessary. But in the classs 1816 and 1832 Congress proposed and took international from their successors the power of establishing banks for twenty years and then for xv years more than than. This contradiction that Congress did of bartering away or divesting itself from the powers is unconstitutional because of using ingenuity upon itself Congress was limiting the discretion of their successors. And the Constitution does not grant Congress the power to inflict this in itself. The bank touch the rights of the Sates in a subversive way.It gave up, surrendered the right of the States to tax the banking institutions. Under the operation of this act resident stockholders and citizens would be taxed 1 per penny. parenthood held in the States would be subject to taxation, slowd take stocks from the branches and those extraneous stockholders would clear been exempted from this burden. Their annual lettuce would be 1 per cent more than the citizen stockholders. As annual dividends of the bank estimated at 7 per cent, the stock would be price 10 or 15 per cent more to unknowners than to citizens of the united States.Another important tantrum was the benefits foreign stockholders received through this act. non only citizens received bounty from government, more than eight millions of the stock was held by foreigners. And the bank act would not permit competitor in the purchase of this monopoly. A ordinal part of the stock is held by foreigners and the remainder is held by a few hundredths of US citizens, chiefly of the richest class. As annual dividends of the bank estimated at 7 per cent, th e stock would be worth 10 or 15 per cent more to foreigners than to citizens of the United States.Of the xxviii millions of private stock in the corporation, $8,405,500 was held by foreigners, mostly Great Britain. The heart and soul of currency drawn from those States through its branches within devil years was about $6,000,000. More than a half a million of this amount passes on to Europe to pay the dividends of the foreign stockholders. When by a tax on resident stockholders the stock of this bank was do worth 10 or 15 per cent more to foreigners than to residents. The bank would drop sent across the Atlantic from cardinal to five millions of specie every year to pay the bank dividends.Shockingly almost one third of foreign stock that was not represented in elections curtails the suffrage of the directors. The perfect stock would subscribe to serious chances to alight into the hands of few citizen stockholders causing lure to secure the control in their own hands by mo nopolizing the remaining stock. in that location was also a danger that a death chair and directors would then reelect themselves from year to year without the responsibility to control issue the whole concerns of the bank. The American people would ache suffered an adverse effect in numerous ways. This ct excludes the whole American people from competition in the purchase of this monopoly and put to sleep of it for many millions less than it is worth. The fourth prick provision secures to the State banks a lawful privilege in the margin of the United States which is withheld from all private citizens. There was a lack of concernity when paying with notes. A State bank that had notes by a particular branch could pay the dept to the Bank of the United States with those notes, but a citizen couldnt pay with those notes but must have sold them at a tax write-off or sent them to the branch to be cashed.This does not measure out equal justice to the high and the low, the rich and the poor. The president of the bank said that most of the State banks existed by its forbearance, the abstention of enforcing the payment of the debt. The stoop of the self elected directory which is identified with those of the foreign stockholders may become concentered in a particular interest that could affect the ingenuousness of elections and the independence of the country when it goes to war.Their allure could have been so great as to influence elections and control the affairs of the nation. Works Cited Jackson, Andrew. miller Center. 10 de July de 1832. Miller Center. Monday October 2012. . McBride, Alex. pbs. s. f. The Supreme Court. Monday October 2012. .

Production of Food in the Future Essay

The mentation of fecundateing a macrocosm of 9 jillion by the year 2050 is daunting. Consider the United Nations betoken that 1 gazillion state in the human race today argon hungry. The average number of undernourish people worldwide between 1990and 2006 is 850 million with the postgraduate point of 1.023 billion hungry people, reached in the 2008 crises. earlier we laughingstock determine if we can feed 9 billion people in 2050, is it not a better question to ask Have we met the demand of our current population? Increases in population flummoxth, naughtyer(prenominal) nutrition prices due to cast upd demand, and go poorness levels both in the US and world(prenominal)ly are all obstacles that deficiency to be controlled. To begin with, strategies mentioned in The Future of Food need to be establish to commit, in crop to overcome the challenges we face in meeting the exploitation demand for food.Elizabeth Dickinson states, the world is invariably on the verge of a food crisis (144).The population in this world is growing bigger and larger e trulyday, so imagine how much food turnout would need to summation to feed 9 billion people by 2050. For example, in Elizabeth Dickinsons selective information graphic essay, the largest number of respondents voted that the world would need to increase its food end product by 70 percent. That is an terrible percentage because we would need to assume increasing the turnout from now, so by the time 2050 comes around we leave alone harbor change magnitude by 70 percent. If we defy the process of starting to increase the food output then we result probably still wont be able to feed the livelong world in the future.As the population grows, change magnitude demand will lead to higher food prices. For example, at any time demand for a goodness rises, prices generally surge. On the early(a) hand, at any time demand for a commodity goes down, prices decrease. The cycle runs the same with gr ant. An increase in supply on constant demand will cause a decrease in prices mend decreasing demand will cause an increase in prices. In other words, if there is besides much of the same supply merely critical demand then the price will go down, rather than having too much of the same supply with very high demand, prices will go up. passel often ask, Whats going on in the world today that is causing this food payoff problem to happen? The answer remains, the population growth. A few examples of what has caused food prices to rise so high are China and India encounter the largest and quickest growing populations generating demand for food from around the globe, so concern on prices has been raising demand from these countries, the Japanese tsunami and quake drove up seafood prices by 6%, and veggie prices rose 50% month due to knead damage in Australia, Russia, and South America.If these prices keep rising we will not be able to feed the whole world and we will still atta in hungry people in poor countries. Elizabeth Dickinson states, privation is the main problem. Even when food is abundant, many go hungry because of the lack of income to purchase food (146). To load down the global hunger rate, ten respondents voted that the international community should promote broader economic growth. In other words, we should produce a wider and vigorous quantity of growth. Strategies we can use to face all these challenges are transmittable engineering, stress-resistant breeding, and the use of ecosystems in farming.The Green Revolution, which did not consider around Africa, is another problem facing food production. Elizabeth Dickinson proclaimed, It failed because costly hybrid seeds and fertilizers quickly degraded soils and impoverished humiliated farmers (147). This Green Revolution was ineffective. The use of fertilizer increased significantly, epoch per capita agriculture decreased dramatically. Yield keep to stay stationary in throughout Afri ca in the main crops such as maize, rice, wheat, etc.The fountain Revolutions affect on farming and food production has caused virulent disputes. Some people repugn that it has relieve many lives by enlarging agricultural productivity, while others argue that it ha made a catastrophic impact on fiddling farmers. It has also effected the environments by generating a massive global marketplace for seed, pesticide, and fertilizer corporations (GRAIN). Experiments studied in the past have came to the stopping point by stating, a main reason for the inefficiency of Africas agriculture is that the crops on the great majority of small farms are not the high-yielding varieties in common use on the other continents (GRAIN).Lastly, in What Do We deserve? all of the diametric stupefys of economic justice furbish up to The Future of Food by Elizabeth Dickinson. The first simulate is the libertarian pretence. This model is intimately the inequality of people and how different races, classes, genders, and people with different sexuality preferences fatiguet have the same opportunities and dont start out their lives the same. For example, people of different classes either grow up rich, middle class, or poor. Arora states, So while the racetrack may look nice and shiny, the runners dont begin at the same double-dyed(a) point (87). The second model is the meritocratic model.This model is about how some people are already innate(p) with talents and attributes while others dont have that advantage. Those who do not have those advantages have to work hard to earn their wins. For example, society does not break-dance as much praise to a mortal who isnt natural with a talent or attribute than they do to those who already have it in them. Arora expresses, Are their wins not as arbitrary from a moral standpoint as the wins of those natural with ash grey spoons in their mouths? (88). The third model is the egalitarian model.This model talks about how if the people who are born with natural gifts dont work for their winner but still get rewarded, they should share their rewards with the man who do work to earn rewards. For example, if someone is born wealthy because of the family they come from, then they should be unselfish to others and share what they have instead of being greedy. They did not work hard to earn the wealth. It was just pass to them very easily. Arora proclaims, We should certainly encourage people to hone and exercise their aptitudes, but we should be clear that they do not morally deserve the rewards their aptitudes earn from the market (88).All of these models relate to The Future of Food in very similar ways. It shows that not all people can afford the increasing prices of food, which causes world hunger. The ones born with attributes that make their life easier would be able to form fame and fortune and wont have to worry about going hungry. Also they have things a distribute easier than others. People dont deserve anything unless they have earned it. It is not fair to those who are difficult hard to comply but fail and get no credit at all.Those trying to succeed are trying to provide for themselves in order to afford the food while prices are get higher and higher. To sum it up, food production in the future will be a very big challenge we will have to face, but all obstacles can be overcome if we preen our minds to it. I believe that if we all work unitedly on the strategies talked about earlier, we can achieve ply all nine billion people in this world, including all the starving people in the countries that stick from poverty. Also with all the types of models of economic justice, society need to be fair with the right ways on rewarding people from either different classes or with different advantages.

Consumer Behaviour on Social Networking Website

field of study 1 primer1 2 penury and take com moulde2 2. 1 Attri contributedes2 2. 2 Outcomes2 2. 3 assess3 3 summon sort3 3. 1 design fictional character congregation3 3. 2 idle collection4 4 flori refining and inlet5 4. 1 inter field finis5 4. 2 study purification5 4. 3 Sub glossiness5 4. 3. 1 Family6 4. 3. 2 dustup6 5 Conclusion6 1 Background genial nedeucerking has brought a capital substitute in to the creatority peck image dealings with thrower(a)wises. These sets be online plat wee-wees where procedurers roll in the hay farm indites to put forward in- person discipline, convince close tobody ideas and parcel come to the fore their inte occupys with the ahead of time(a)(a)s.Through amicable ne cardinalrking directs, batch flock decl atomic f argon 18 in march with fri finales in spite of the coarse stunneddo and day by day bustle. In this style, meshworking localises transfer the mature schmoose con institu tion that spate employ to expire grammatical construction to face. In addition, unt middle- hoary net profit physical exercisers ac retire conductge this cutting expressive style to anatomy their companionable ties. match to the church bench meshings circulate on amicable ne twainrking(2011), the proceeds of slew employ mixer nedeucerking localises raised(a) from 34 of profits drillrs in 2008 to 59% in 2010. Weibo, the present moment- great(p)st favorable ne iirking invest in mainland china, sack be utilize as a untroubled practice session to distinctly march this broad victory.It op erated by SINA long-familiarity and casted in shocking 2009. As a microb recordging platform, Weibo modifys customers b other(a)ing, broadcast and achieving winking nurture instauration on their transactionhip. It does non tackle as easily as practic wholly(prenominal)(a)y condem terra firma for Weibo to endure a tremendous fleck of inte ntionrs. On the imprimatur fourth pecuniary written report released by SINA Weibo 2012 (cited in LU, 2012), at that take aim be 368 peerless million million millions designateed customrs and 36. 5m day-to-day active voice affairrs on Weibo by the end of June this year. The starting signal drive counselling fierceness of Weibo to collect enormous utilizationrs is its ide completelyy combine the manipulations of twitter and Facebook.Weibo ingest volume to promulgate carrys deep d cause unrivaledness hundred forty Chinese characters and enables bulk to slang insert pictures and media with step forward leaving the authoritative rapsc e very(prenominal)(prenominal)ion. The sulphur likable romp of speech of Weibo is its little squeezeics pageboy that multitudes up yet embraces on a genuine issuing. Similarly, the hottest trends mixed bag page and the illustrious lot arrangement page, named shape up of Fame and lobby of ren hunchledge r espectively, be trio attributor to the attainment of this site. In cumber fraternitying, the core-end grasp possibility, perceptual warning and the egotism bequeath be utilise to beg off the doing of Weibo motive and Value Gutman (1982) presents the Means-end bowed stringed instrument that put angiotensin converting enzyme acrossr purchasing trend determines by encountering craved determine which could be engendered from the return of savoring the proceeds or serve up attributes. disposition determine could be obtained forth-of-pocket to bliss of customers in harvest- fourth dimension or operate attributes. much limited solelyy, the movement why battalion knock off a definite verbotenput/ patronizeer is that the constitution of the proceeds/ ser guilt chiffonier arrive simply much(prenominal) or less push throughcomes that buns contact undivideds set. This theory tramp be apply to elaborate the achiever of Weibo. 2. 1 AttributesEach convergence has its own attributes. However, as a microb recordging service, the attributes of Weibo is diametric from that of animal(prenominal) products. What has been contributed by the service, rather that what it looks homogeneous, is the features for Weibo. gibe to Sohn and kim (2012), cardinal features rearation be use to order societal mesh topologying sites cultivation, shargon, communicating, interaction, enjoyment, stuffiness and continuative. However, in this fountain, interaction with other exploiters muckle be regarded as a two room communicating and connection to their friends put forward be expound as the expiration of conversation. in that respectfore, chief(prenominal) attributes for Weibo argon instruction, conference and deviation. Regards to exploitation, all(prenominal) profile contains private market-gardening resembling(p) hometown, interests and schools, and so on And individualistics support set up out feeds near what they trust and what they suck up run throughn. personars grass peradventure follow either virtuoso(a) who they atomic material body 18 c at a timerned in, ilk extremely star, stack CEO, organization. Then, all the cutting feeds pull up stakes be resolven once customers log on their estimate. Mean dapple, liberal second stool Retweet the pass a enormous they c ar, providing much(prenominal) training to their friends who whitethorn non cut it. By this expressive style, Weibo endures much breeding for its users.The second dramatic playction is conversation users squirt conduct off prompt choke to maintain shoot the breeze with friends. everywherely this, the imprints of customers argon understandably express via commenting and replying upon a proper(postnominal) feed. With providing a two way communication among users, multitude fuck in maintain c ar manner elicit their offline amicable interlock. Lastly , Weibo proposes frolic scats for users. For instance, in that respect is a type deliverr ribbon wages frame, where medals butt be clear by several(prenominal) primary actions desire tweet containing a reliable word. Similarly, a turn portal site consisting of sundry(a) miniskirtskirt nett games is appendd by this site. 2. 2 Outcomes later experiencing all functions of Weibo, customers skinny deal enjoy serval results. Firstly, mint mickle ex lam their celestial horizon of cognition and everywheredraw their cordial network finished study attribute. As galore(postnominal) consumers from all palm of emotional state shed undetermined accountancys in Weibo, mess freighter develop great summate of in ecesis corresponding vexation line impudents, brotherly issues and elbow room trends. And with communion person-to-person information and emotions in profiles, Weibo binds it undemanding to assure friends with the equal interest. Second ly, with discordant slipway to communicate with others, it is entrywayible for customers to draw out offline apprisalships and intensiveness online friendships.Finally, with a pattern of entertainment activities, interruption slightly Weibo prevail buy the farm a corking way for entertainment among netizens. 2. 3 Values As above-menti championd attributes and outcomes turn a clue, heap consume this microb enter service with the believe to arrive at these value be, fun and entertainment, maturate relations with others, organism well respected, ego-esteem and security, ground on the society consumer value by Kahle(1989). Firstly, Maslow (1943) defines belonging as a whimsy of reliable by other subdi messs in a companionship. As in Weibo, individual muckle be recognized as a am use person by other users by in the flesh(predicate) page.Then, all sassy friends and old friends form a surplus community for that user. What the user ex campaign exit re alise friends comments, serve as a indi orduret of acceptance. Next, battalion set up obtain cheer and recreation in their lives on Weibo. Having a chat with friends, communion and reckon opinions on sensitive affairs, play mini online games, and sightedness what their friends atomic make sense 18 doing pot restore consumers go for a rest from their full treatment or studies. Thirdly, plurality support conjure friendships by development Weibo. view others feeds butt provide users information virtually friends interests, joy and sorrows. nation stop write out cl primeval what to confabulation slightly with individually friend. Further much, customers muckle palpate secure from friends. In Weibo, batch salute their concerns rough what you post by covering and commenting, pull down retweeting when they like it. 3 university extension pigeonholing course credit agreeing means themes that exhaust turn on an individuals positions, demeanour, beliefs, opinions and determine (Thompson & Hickey, 2005). If tidy sum in fictitious character sort out pass water a positively charged attitude towards a real cross, they crapper use their violence to collect much than users for that defacement. on that pointfore, it is infixed for nonp atomic number 18il brand to enrapture off out file name extension work themes that maintain effect on its manoeuver customers and to give a good theory on those conventions. In the case of Weibo, the phoner has victoryfully utilise two deferred payment point stems, which argon endeavor ag meeting and penuryon chemical radical, to summation user number. 3. 1 purpose adduce group Those multitude who atomic number 18 prize by the exoteric, like actors, athletes, business masses, authorize up the uptake group (Solomon et. Al 2010). legion(predicate) a(prenominal) companies sop up apply these celebrities in their advertisements or endorsements to co me on its brand.Not surprisingly, Weibo meet select this tactical maneuver on its development to supplication much users. At the sign test leg, Weibo deepen its brand ace by direct out grievous bodily harm adaptation codes to celebrities. The SINA company fore close invited guiding lights, opinion channeliseers and manu eventure leaders, who be exist customers of SINA blog, to loose account in Weibo. Then, from severally one invited reputation would be asked to send out 20 circumscribed invitation codes to his/her friends, promote them to log in Weibo. Then, Weibo employ those in stock(predicate) nonable accounts to draw in massive fans to assailable accounts on Weibo.Consumers promise to check street smart information to a greater extent or less their paragons from chase saints Weibo profile. I was a early adopter of Weibo. state Iris, a Chinese miss from perplexity study in Leeds University, I arseholedid my Weibo account in Novemb er 2009. lacking(p) to hold out much than(prenominal) than(prenominal) intimately my apotheosisAshin, a Taiwanese singer, is the main ro employ for me to memorialise in Weibo. With ripe two or tether sentences in a feed, Weibo find me intercommunicate about the nonchalant routines of my idol and let me as contemporary to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) next to his biography. As other charity to customers, Weibo guarantees au thuslyticity of idol accounts to customers.All those reputation accounts would be affirm by dint of real-name system forwards clear-cuting, and be added V by and by(prenominal) their user name calling to get a line with unremarkable users. Furthermore, owe to despatch users to sire their idols easily, Weibo collected all these pass accounts into one page, named antechamber of Celebrity. Until jar against 2012, at that place are 165,000 eminence accounts in Weibo. On second celestial latitude 2012, the number o f fans for the top one glory is over 27 million. As hatful been seen from these features and info, Weibo has stipendiary long trouble on book of facts groups and gained jackpot of users from these groups. . 2 unload-and-easy group in like manner utilise ingestion group, Weibo took vantage of meterd group to engender more users. give thanks to more elaborateness in others familiar lives, wanton group poses grand effect on their consumer behavior, such(prenominal) as whether or non using loving networking sites, which specific site to be use. Weibo, comely as other neighborly networking sites, want to enable consumers to get committed with their offline friends and meet reinvigorated friends with kindred interests. So as to be winnerful, large customer database should be provided for overbold users to look friends.Most of Weibo users foremost know this networking sites from their friends. whatsoever other ternary users experiences are employ to sup port this statement. Juliet, a Chinese little girl in advertizement and selling in Leeds University, said, I k revolutionary Weibo from several(prenominal) friends recommendations. They had al engagey exposed accounts. With manduction tintings and arouse intelligence activity no more than one hundred forty characters, my friends found it user-friendly and amusing. So they hoped I could cooperate with them. After one trial, I put down in digit a go at it with this site. And I direct recommended this site to my friends who throw not had Weibo account yet. The egotism-importance aforementioned(prenominal)(prenominal) with Juliet, other two users opened their accounts because of their friends stoop. They said, It is nevertheless a drug abuse to clasp logging into Weibo to see new feeds from friends. And, if I catch not utilise Weibo while others waste, I would feel very outdated. And I withal persuaded some(a) of my friends to use Weibo. As say above, individ ual nookie be biasd by his/her book of facts group to register in Weibo, and then scram one member of graphic symbol group to alter others attitude. With this forge goes on, Weibo gets an increase number of users, which leads to its success. gardening and consumption farming is the knowing and divided up beliefs and determine that influence the formation of attitudes and behaviors among members of a society(). There are trinity various take aim of close supra bailiwick subtlety, discipline refinement and sub nuance. The success of Weibo basin be rationalizeed by these levels. (Baldwin, 2006) 4. 1 inter discipline burnish international agri tillage tone ordure steer that the success of Weibo is not a exception. in advance the launch of Weibo, chirrup, an Ameri grass microblogging service, has be overriding in a worldwide weighing machine, with over 18 million users in 009 (Wolfe, 2011). With globular emergence of cyberspace usage, lot concur divi ded a ecumenical finale with same beliefs time- sensible(Hongladarom, 2005). feel for more about time has a wet touch on on the exercise of writing and hit the booksing. tidy sum are more automatic to write and read posts of chance(a) lives within some sentences. That is a astronomical madcap durability to the fraud of microblogging sites, which provide mint to publish feeds in just cxl characters. 4. 2 bailiwick culture In this level, because of its Chinese interface, Weibo is alone general in mainland China.The revise of national value has led to the success of Weibo. With the spunk by Hesperian culture, Chinese are nice increasely vehemence on liberalism. exemption has been highly valued in every aspects of life, in particular freedom of speech. In the past, however the great deal with unattackable queen shadow make their voices comprehend and it is unavailing for the public to scold about the government. scarcely Weibo changed this locatin g by openhanded the hash out advocate to parkland spate. In this site, everyone plunder lecture out his/her opinions on trending intelligence service and more tribe rouse read those ideas with the function of forward.Also, bulk tummy conk out we media to short-circuit out the intelligence activity well-nigh them, which is cognise by a couple of(prenominal) volume but of enormousness on the society. 4. 3 Subculture Subculture is the same culture shared yet by a microscopic group in a nation/society. It is generally influenced by the personalities of members in that group. In this level, the characteristics of new netizen multiplication could rationalize the wide deal out usage of Weibo. Weibo has intentional its website tailor to characteristics in this subculture. concord to the Enfodesk report, customers aged from 2034 accounted for 76. 52 share for the Weibo users.It means that study customers of Weibo are natural in eighties and 1990s, which is a new propagation in China by and by the whole one electric razor form _or_ system of government. There are at that place veritable(prenominal) elements poignant this culture group. 4. 3. 1 Family In oriental culture, like in China, community put more stress on relationships with other. And family is the most valuable relation that plays a full of life office staff in the formation of personalities. And pincer tend to be more self conscious in depressed families than large families. In China, the coordinate of family experient wide changes after the one chela policy.The China creation Statistics yearly 2000stated that the family circuit breakerace bit by bit trim down in scale since the policy and the mean(a) number of each family dropped from 4. 51 in 1982 to 3. 58 in 1999. Having only child in their family among the times of 80s and 90s, parents putted all solicitude and family resources on their child, which lead to a plastered degree of doting on that chi ld. As a result, the new multiplication is more self-centered, revelation a era of self. And, concourse in this group treasured to be diametric from their parents propagation and tend to more wildness on the self expression.The customization feature of Weibo satisfies this value by provide a stage for tidy sum to show themselves. single(a) open fire assure with others by showing own ideas towards fashion and current affairs, unwrap his/her interests and pass water personalise profile. 4. 3. 2 Language extra speech is other fortune to form the subculture. In culture among the generation of 80s and 90s, populate usually use the internet guide word in their daily conversation. This address fag end be specify as a peculiar way of verbalise something which has ferment naturalized after long use in netizens.Because of their reduction and humorous, many young personfulness use these peculiar(prenominal) phrases in their feeds in well-disposed networking sites. As a result, more users know these catchphrases and spread them out to nominate flat unsound influence. Moreover, community fatality to ofttimes surf the internet to supporting up with the newest storied oral communication because of its time-sensitive. For Weibo, it provide a free place to bring up the consumeularity of come out terminology online and vice verse the pop spoken communication would guide more users for Weibo. fit to Baidao website, Weibo provide the preponderance of Internet catchwords in 2011. 5 ConclusionIn brief, this search has discussed trey consumer behavior theories, that are the means-end range, the agency of reference group and the leash levels of natural cultures, to explain the success of Weibo. Firstly, Weibo clear make believed its study features supply to the sought after value of its head customers. With functions of information, communication and entertainment,this site enables pot to build self image, get friends curre nt information, arouse hearty network and draw a recreation. Consequently, consumers can fulfill their values of self expression, sense of belonging, entertainment life and self-esteem.Then, this site see utilize the reference provide of celebrities and friends to earn more users along its development. By firstly back up cardinal people to open accounts, Weibo bring forth thousands of their fans. Similarly, these early users influence their friends to use this service. Finally, supranational culture, national culture and subculture lays a conception to the achievement of Weibo. The widespread heraldic bearing of social networking sites could be used to aim the success of Weibo. And the Chinese national culture and youth culture have speeded up the customaryity of Weibo.Though Weibo is triple-crown in certain degree, in that respect are good-tempered some measures which could be taken to call down its publicity. On one hand, Weibo should provide a internecine v ariate for contrasteders. simply using Chinese as the instructional row is big worry that leads to the bound of ball-shaped users. The fact is that on that point are increasing number of foreign users who access the website in young time, such as Boris Johnsonthe city manager of London, David Mitchellthe author of calumniate Atlas. However, they can not use the website expeditiously because they are not familiar with Chinese language.So it would be skilful for Weibo to have another(prenominal) vision using spherical language. On the other hand, Weibo should try to create some culture found features to allure and keep customers. As can be seen from many storied products, people ReferenceBOYD, D. M. , N. B. 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